The End of the Civil War Ch 16-5

Turning Points of the War… A Quick Review The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam Northern forces stop Confederate momentum by stopping their advance on Washington in this bloody battle. The loss of life greatly damages the south and weakens their chances of quick European interventionNorthern forces stop Confederate momentum by stopping their advance on Washington in this bloody battle. The loss of life greatly damages the south and weakens their chances of quick European intervention

Turning Points of the War… A Quick Review Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Though not actually freeing slaves, this document did broadcast that slaves would be free in the South if the North wins the war, thereby making the Confederates look as though they’re fighting only to keep their slaves. This makes France and England withdraw their support of the SouthThough not actually freeing slaves, this document did broadcast that slaves would be free in the South if the North wins the war, thereby making the Confederates look as though they’re fighting only to keep their slaves. This makes France and England withdraw their support of the South

Keep an Eye Out for These Turning Points! Gettysburg Gettysburg Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman’s March to the Sea

The War Drags On Both sides share feelings of hope and frustration throughout the war Both sides share feelings of hope and frustration throughout the war In , the South grew confident that victory was again in their grasp In , the South grew confident that victory was again in their grasp This feeling was chiefly due to the leadership of Robert E. Lee, general of the unbeatable Army of Northern Virginia This feeling was chiefly due to the leadership of Robert E. Lee, general of the unbeatable Army of Northern Virginia

Southern Victories Fredericksburg Fredericksburg Lee’s army meets Burnside’s army near a Virginia townLee’s army meets Burnside’s army near a Virginia town Burnside had the larger army, but the Confederates were so well entrenched that Burnside’s troops could not overtake themBurnside had the larger army, but the Confederates were so well entrenched that Burnside’s troops could not overtake them Devastated by the loss of life his troops sustained, Burnside resignsDevastated by the loss of life his troops sustained, Burnside resigns

Southern Victories Chancellorsville Chancellorsville General Hooker, Burnside’s replacement, is attacked by LeeGeneral Hooker, Burnside’s replacement, is attacked by Lee Lee boldly divides his army to surround his enemy, and wins the battleLee boldly divides his army to surround his enemy, and wins the battle However, heavy casualties were taken by the South, including the death of “Stonewall” JacksonHowever, heavy casualties were taken by the South, including the death of “Stonewall” Jackson

Gettysburg Despite heavy losses, Lee decides to invade the North Despite heavy losses, Lee decides to invade the North Lincoln realizes that, instead of destroying Richmond, Lee’s army needed to be destroyed Lincoln realizes that, instead of destroying Richmond, Lee’s army needed to be destroyed Why?Why? When Hooker refuses to attack, Lincoln fires and replaces him with George Meade When Hooker refuses to attack, Lincoln fires and replaces him with George Meade

Gettysburg The two armies met by accident near the small town of Gettysburg, PA The two armies met by accident near the small town of Gettysburg, PA Southern army had invaded the town looking for shoesSouthern army had invaded the town looking for shoes Northerners initially pushed out of the town by South, but establish strong defensive positionNortherners initially pushed out of the town by South, but establish strong defensive position

Pickett’s Charge On the third day of Gettysburg, Lee launches a controversial attack On the third day of Gettysburg, Lee launches a controversial attack 13,000 soldiers rush to the Yankee front line, hoping to penetrate their defenses13,000 soldiers rush to the Yankee front line, hoping to penetrate their defenses Instead, the soldiers made easy pickings for Union soldiersInstead, the soldiers made easy pickings for Union soldiers Barely half would survive the chargeBarely half would survive the charge Lee realizes his plan has failed, and retreats to VA Lee realizes his plan has failed, and retreats to VA

Gettysburg Major Turning Point Major Turning Point Stops Southern advancesStops Southern advances Greatly weakens Confederate armyGreatly weakens Confederate army George Meade proud of victory George Meade proud of victory Lincoln upset that once again, Rebels allowed to escape instead of being captured once and for all Lincoln upset that once again, Rebels allowed to escape instead of being captured once and for all

View from Cemetery Ridge

Vicksburg, MS The battle of Vicksburg took place during the battle of Gettysburg The battle of Vicksburg took place during the battle of Gettysburg It was the last city the North needed to seize to control the Mississippi River It was the last city the North needed to seize to control the Mississippi River The Union wins, and the Mississippi becomes a tool for the North until the war would end two years later The Union wins, and the Mississippi becomes a tool for the North until the war would end two years later

The Gettysburg Address Two minute speech where Lincoln beautifully expressed what the war had come to mean: Two minute speech where Lincoln beautifully expressed what the war had come to mean: It is for the living to make sure the dead had not died in vainIt is for the living to make sure the dead had not died in vain That the United States will experience freedomThat the United States will experience freedom And that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall continue onAnd that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall continue on

Ulysses S. Grant Grant was not a typical war hero Grant was not a typical war hero Small, unkemptSmall, unkempt Drinking problemDrinking problem However, impressed Lincoln for one main reason: However, impressed Lincoln for one main reason: While other generals made excuses to not attack the enemy, Grant would always pursue a retreating army and followed Lincoln’s orders to the letterWhile other generals made excuses to not attack the enemy, Grant would always pursue a retreating army and followed Lincoln’s orders to the letter

Grant’s Plan To end the war, Grant came up with following plan: To end the war, Grant came up with following plan: In the west, Sherman would advance to Georgia and crush the major Southern city in AtlantaIn the west, Sherman would advance to Georgia and crush the major Southern city in Atlanta The Army of the Potomac would advance to Virginia and destroy Lee’s armyThe Army of the Potomac would advance to Virginia and destroy Lee’s army

Virginia Battles Three battles ensure near Richmond, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor Three battles ensure near Richmond, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor The Confederates holds on, but Grant does not relent in attacking The Confederates holds on, but Grant does not relent in attacking Grant called a butcher for sacrificing more than 60,000 menGrant called a butcher for sacrificing more than 60,000 men Lincoln supports himLincoln supports him Grant’s assault last nine monthsGrant’s assault last nine months

1864 As Grant attacked Virginia, other changes were occurring As Grant attacked Virginia, other changes were occurring Lincoln nearly loses reelection. Thanks to last-minute Union victories, he keeps office Lincoln nearly loses reelection. Thanks to last-minute Union victories, he keeps office David Farragut seizes the Gulf of Mexico, giving the Union complete control David Farragut seizes the Gulf of Mexico, giving the Union complete control General Sherman captures Atlanta General Sherman captures Atlanta

The March to the Sea Atlanta is a major population center for the South Atlanta is a major population center for the South What little industry the South had was located thereWhat little industry the South had was located there Sherman engages in Total War, destroying homes, food, and people throughout AtlantaSherman engages in Total War, destroying homes, food, and people throughout Atlanta He advances his troops across GA to the Atlantic, burning and destroying everything they come acrossHe advances his troops across GA to the Atlantic, burning and destroying everything they come across

Victory Grant continues his assault on the Army of Northern Virginia Grant continues his assault on the Army of Northern Virginia Hunger, sickness, death, and desertion take their toll Hunger, sickness, death, and desertion take their toll Richmond is taken on April 2, 1865 Richmond is taken on April 2, 1865 Lee’s army continues to fight, hoping to stop Sherman’s advance, but realizes the situation was hopeless Lee’s army continues to fight, hoping to stop Sherman’s advance, but realizes the situation was hopeless

Victory At Appomattox Court House, Grant meets Lee face to face At Appomattox Court House, Grant meets Lee face to face Grant allows all soldiers to return home after surrendering their weaponsGrant allows all soldiers to return home after surrendering their weapons North Carolina, which was never overtaken, surrenders days laterNorth Carolina, which was never overtaken, surrenders days later Jefferson Davis is captured thereJefferson Davis is captured there

Results of the War The Civil War was the most devastating conflict in American history The Civil War was the most devastating conflict in American history Billions of dollars in damage, mostly in SouthBillions of dollars in damage, mostly in South 600,000 soldiers died600,000 soldiers died Federal government now strengthened, and federalism proven to be more powerful than state’s rightsFederal government now strengthened, and federalism proven to be more powerful than state’s rights Millions of African-Americans freedMillions of African-Americans freed