APPENDIX A VIEWGRAPH MASTERS A-1

A-2 TYPES OF Physical and Mental Stressors PHYSICAL STRESSORS ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT, COLD, WETNESS, VIBRATION, NOISE, BLAST HYPOXIA (INSUFICCIENT OXYGEN), INFECTIOUS AGENTS, PHYSICAL WORK, ETC PHYSIOLOGICAL SLEEP DEBT, DEHYDRATION MALNUTRITION, POOR HYGIENE, MUSCULAR AND AEROBIC FATIGUE, ILLNESS OR INJURY, ETC. MENTAL STRESSORS COGNITIVE INFORMATION: TOO MUCH, TOO LITTLE AMBIGUITY, UNCERTAINTY, ISOLATION, TIME PRESSURE VERSUS WAITING, UNPREDICTABILITY, RULES OF ENGAGEMENT, DIFFICULT, ETC. EMOTIONAL FEAR- AND ANXIETY-PRODUCING THREATS, GRIEF-PRODUCING LOSSES,RESENTMENT, ANGER- AND RAGE-BOREDOM-PRODUCING INACTIVITY, INTERPERSONAL FEELINGS, SPIRITUAL CONFRONTATION OR TEMPTATION CAUSING LOSS OF FAITH, ETC. NOTE: THE ABOVE STRESSORS MAY ACT SINGLY OR INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER TO BE COMBAT STRESSORS. NOTE: Use this VGT to conduct discussion of Combat Stress Behavior material found in Student Handout. VGT

Combat Stress Behaviors COMBAT STRESS BEHAVIORS ADAPTIVE DYSFUNCTIONAL COMBAT STRESS BEHAVIORS POSITIVE COMBAT STRESS BEHAVIORS MISCONDUCT STRESS BEHAVIORS AND CRIMINAL ACTS BATTLE FATIGUE POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER NOTE: Use this VGT to conduct discussion of Combat Stress Behavior material found in Student Handout. VGT A-3

FACTORS THAT PROTECT AGAINST MISCONDUCT STRESS BEHAVIOR HIGH UNIT COHESION TOUGH, REALISTIC TRAINING LEADERS RECOGNIZE BATTLE FATIGUE/MISCONDUCT STRESS BEHAVIORS UNIT’S WITHDRAWN TO REST AND REFIT LEADERS SHOW CARING (PHYSICAL, MENTAL SPIRITUAL) LEADERS KEEP TROOPS INFORMED LEADERS CONDUCT AARs VGT A-4

VGT A-5 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO BATTLE FATIGUE SUDDEN EXPOSURE - FEAR, SHOCK, LIFE & DEATH CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE PHYSICAL STRESSORS AND STRESS SYMPTOMS HOME FRONT AND PRE-EXISTING PROBLEMS