Anxiety Disorders A group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. The patient fears something awful will happen to them. They are in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear. Are they a neurosis or psychosis?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. The patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can’t concentrate and suffers from insomnia. 2 out of 3 – women.

Panic Disorder An anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread (Panic Attack) in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations. Can cause secondary disorders like agoraphobia.

Intense Exposure therapy

Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.T 11.T 12.F 13.T 14.T 15.F 16.T 17.T 18.F 19.T 20.F 21.T 22.T 23.T 24.T 25.T 26.T 27.T 28.T 29.F 30.T 31.T 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.T 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.F

Phobias A disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

What do we Fear? Untimely or early death Death of a loved one Speaking before a group Snakes Not being a success Being self-conscious Illness or injury to a loved one Making mistakes Looking foolish Failing a test Suffocating

Examples of Phobias Name of the phobia:Fear of: XenophobiaStrangers OphidiophobiaSnakes PanaphobiaEverything Santa ClaustrophobiaStuck in chimneys NumerophobiaNumbers ArachnophobiaSpiders MurophobiaMice MikrophobiaGerms Over 700 specific fears have been labeled.

Social Phobia Range – higher scores reflecting greater social anxiety. Mean score = 42.3 Four Factors –Thoughts of general discomfort and social inadequacy –Concerns with others’ awareness of distress –Fear of negative evaluations –Perception of autonomic arousal and performance anxiety

Dealing with Social Phobias In dealing with symptoms of anxiety, respond with approach rather than avoidance. Greet people with eye contact. Create a list of possible topics of conversation and listen carefully to others. Initiate conversations by asking questions. Speak clearly with out mumbling. Be willing to tolerate some silence. Wait for cues from others. Learn to tolerate criticism and be willing to introduce a controversial topic at an appropriate point.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need to engage in a particular repetitive action (compulsion).

Common Examples of OCD Common Obsessions:Common Compulsions: Contamination fears of germs, dirt, etc. Washing Imagining having harmed self or othersRepeating Imagining losing control of aggressive urges Checking Intrusive sexual thoughts or urgesTouching Excessive religious or moral doubtCounting Forbidden thoughtsOrdering/arranging A need to have things "just so"Hoarding or saving A need to tell, ask, confessPraying

The Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Score 1 point for “true” responses on questions: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 8, 16, 17, 18 and 21. Score 1 point for “false” responses on questions: 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20 and 22. Range 0-20, higher scores reflecting greater compulsivity. Male mean = Female mean = 11.24

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event. Memories of the event cause anxiety. Veteran’s rate of PTSD is 1 in 5. Drug abuse is very common.

Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) Range scores in each subscale 1-7 –Higher scores reflecting greater acceptance of each factor. Each scale predicts PTSD severity, depression and generalized anxiety in traumatized individuals. Items 13, 32 and 34 are experimental.

Explanations for Anxiety Disorders You learn them through conditioning (reinforcement). Evolution or natural selection. Genetic predisposition (i.e. twins). Physiology/the brain (anterior cingulate cortex and OCD).