Second Meeting - Social factors and social dimensions - Language variety and language choice

Social Factors  The participants: - who is speaking? - who are they speaking to?  The setting or social context of the interaction (where and when are they speaking + what kind of physical interaction they have)  The topic : what is being talked about?  The function: why are they speaking?

Social Dimensions  A social distance scale concerned with participants relationships. (how close their relationship, intimate/distant)  A status scale concerned with partisipants relationships. (superior – subordinate)  A formality scale relating to the setting or type of interaction. (at school, in an interview: high and low formality)  Two functional scales relating to the purposes or topic of interaction.

Domains of Language Use  Domain is the field of activity  Ranah bahasa  A domain involves typical interactions between typical participants in typical settings. (Joshua Fishman)  It refers to who you are talking to, the social context of the talk, the function and topic of the discussion.

Linguistic Repertoire  Language repertoire = khazanah bahasa.  Range of languages or varieties of language available for use by a speaker, each of which enables him to perform a particular social role. It also refers to the range of linguistic varieties within a speech community. ( in terms of language, style, speech level)

Examples of repertoire  In monolingual javanese: ngoko, madya, kromo e.g: Panjenengan dipun aturi mundhutaken tas. Sampeyan dipun purih numbasaken tas. Sliramu diutus numbasake tas Kowe di kongkon nukokke tas Awakmu di kongkon nukokno tas

In Multilingual Community  e. g: in Surabaya  Mengapa anda datang terlambat?  Mengapa kamu datang telat?  Kamu kok telat sih?  Why are you late?  Pourquoi vous êtes fin?  Warum bist du spät?

Language Community  Diglosia X bilingual (speech community) (individual) e.g: Mrs. Foo is a bilingual since she speaks singaporean english and chinese but the singaporean chinese are diglosic

Diglosia 1. Two distinct varieties of the same language are used in community with one regarded as high variety and other low variety 2. H & L complement each other. 3. No one uses the H variety in everyday conversation. - In monolingual : Indonesian standard and non standard. - In multilingual : English and French

Polyglosia  The term polyglosia is used for situation where a community regularly uses more than two languages  The term is used for situation where more than two distinct codes or varieties are used for clearly distinct purposes or in clearly distinguishable situation.

e.g : of polyglosia  In monolingual community: Javanese three (which actually can be devided further into nine) distinct varieties of ngoko, madya,kromo  In multilingual community: STIBA’s students speak javanese, indonesian, english,etc.