Art History and Art Criticism Week 5 Iris Tuan

Presenting Art History  Chronology—  1. one of the principal tools in organizing the display of works of art  2. one of the principal methods of writing art history (p. 54)  Encounter with art in a gallery or museum  1. publicly owned and funded institutions  2. donation by private owners

Museums  National collections and the museums are located in important focal points in the urban landscape (p. 55)  National Gallery in Washington—  Opened in 1937  Funded by a private individual, Andrew Mellon  Maintained an arm’s length’ association

John Paul Getty Museum  In Los Angeles  Billionaire founder  The Guggenheim is another private institution (p. 56)  The Getty has two museums—  One is a replica Roman villa based on one found at Herculaneum  The other is a brand-new museum complex on the top of a hill in Brentwood, LA

In Europe  The art objects were historicized as a result of the activities of patrons and collectors  E.g. The Mouseion, meaning `home of the Muses’ (p. 56)  The splendid display of art at the Emperor Hadrian’s villa at Tivoli, outside of Rome (p. 57)

The Impetus behind the Works  The papal patronage in the 16 th and 17 th centuries  E.g. the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo  The Vatican Stanze by Raphael  The Baldicchino in St. Peter’s by Bernini

Roman Pope’s sponsorship  the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo

 The Vatican Stanze by Raphael

 Bernini’s The Baldicchino in St. Peter’s

Purchase Arts as Souvenirs  when we visit somewhere of interest, as tourists, we like to buy souvenirs  Paintings, sculptures, drawings, and so on to decorate the personal collections  The art of ancient Greece and Rome became a part of what we might call 18 th -century popular culture (p. 58)  E.g. Sir Joshua Reynold’s Three Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen (1773)

Sir Joshua Reynold’s Three Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen  Chastity, grace, and beauty

History Painting  The pinnacle of artistic production  Usually referred to ancient history or mythology  More prestigious than portraiture  Vasari--  1. influential in the development of writing art history  2. founded the first academy of fine art in Florence in 1563

Europe  Vasari’s academy of fine art in Florence  1. Augment the social status of the artist  2. offer training (p. 60)  The Acad é mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture  Became an engine of the publicity machine of the monarchy

The public Museums The first one— The Louvre in Paris (p. 61) Founded in 1793 Era: the French Revolution was at its height In Britain, visits to art galleries by the working classes were encouraged As a means of keeping the peace By encouraging feelings of patriotism for national collections (p. 62)

Europe-wide Phenomenon  Putting art and national identity on view  The Federal Art Project (p. 63)  Jackson Pollock’s Echo (Number 25)  Assemble or curate a couple of `mini exhibition’ (p. 66)  Jan Vermeer’s Maid with a Jug  A model of feminine `domesticity’ (p. 68)

Motifs of the Art  Highlight female sexuality  The Apollo Belvedere represents the paradigm of male beauty  The physical perfection (p. 69)  The figures in Ahu Akivi, Easter Island  May represent tribal chiefs, warriors, or perhaps gods (p. 71)  The subject remains centre stage (p. 75)