Natural intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) History of AI Characteristics of AI system AI tasks AI roots and applications

natural WHAT A BRAIN CAN DO? Recognize a ball Plan Search solution Understand speech /language Diagnose disease Predict weather Solve maths problem Learn Make decision Commonsense reasoning ……………………………

natural

artificial

natural Not consistent Cannot be copied or transferred High cost Difficult to be documented Creative Wider focus

artificial Consistent Can be copied or transferred Low cost Can be documented Limited focus

“science and engineering of making intelligent machines” “science of making computers DO things that require intelligence if they are done by humans” “science of making a computer REASON in a manner similar to humans” John McCarthy Marvin Minsky Durkin Jackson

System thinks like human System acts like human System thinks rationally System acts rationally

Cognitive Science perspective (thinking process) Engineering perspective (behavior)

System thinks like human System acts like human System thinks rationally System acts rationally

Compare system against real concept of intelligence Compare system against human

1 st AI winter LISP Dartmouth workshop Period of enthusiasm Turing test 1 st NN computer built 1 st commercialization Rebirth 2 nd AI winter Re-emergence s

Embedded application Multiple integration Domain knowledge General method Naïve solution 2000 onwards 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s

This game ends when the interrogator made his guess Turing machine pass the test if the interrogator fails to recognize with whom (or with what) he is communicating. TURING MACHINE

1 - Knowledge processing on(a,b) on(b,c) on(c,table) clear(a) A B C The birds fly D V N VPNP S thebirdsfly s(np(det(the),noun(birds)),vp(v(fly)))

2 - Focus on heuristic 4 - Possess inference ability 3 - Symbolic processing 5 - Learns

Mundane Formal Expert

Household gadgets washing machine rice cooker microwave vacuum cleaner

Autonomous vehicle Hi, my name is Stanley

Search engine crawlers News Finder FlipDog (natural language processing technology)

Automobile safety system self-parking intelligent cruise control lane departure warning

Voice response system (IVR) Voice response system (IVR) Speech recognition Natural language understanding

Chatter bot Jenn Alex Eva Captain Kirk Alice George (natural language processing technology)

Resource allocation problem Optimizing airport schedule (genetic algorithm technology)

Credit card fraud detection Falcon (neural network technology) Pap smear screening FocalPoint (expert system technology)