Warm UP Get out your brochure from yesterday and continue working on it. You have 15 minutes. Anything that is left incomplete is HW due tomorrow.

Agenda Brochure (15 min) 13 Colonies large map (10 min) You need one colored pencil, crayon, or marker New England Notes (20 min)

The Four New England Colonies The four original New England Colonies were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

Rhode Island Who: Roger Williams/Anne Hutchinson Why: Religious freedom Gov’t: Separation of Church and State Plymouth/Massachusetts Year: 1620 Who: Pilgrims and Puritans Why: Religious freedom Gov’t: Mayflower Compact/Assemblies Connecticut Who: Thomas Hooker Gov’t: Fundamental Orders = 1 st constitution in the colonies “Consent of the governed” Virginia Year: 1607 Who: Virginia Company Gov’t: HOB Economy: Agrarian Jamestown Maryland Who: Refuge for Catholic Act of Toleration gave Catholics freedom of religion Pennsylvania Who: Quakers Religious Freedom Diverse people Representative Assembly New York Founded by the Dutch, New Amsterdam Georgia Who: Debtors Why: buffer to Spanish Florida

Discussion Question Why were the New England colonies founded?

Discussion Question Answer Pilgrims and Puritans sought religious freedom

“The New England Way” Due to the extreme faiths of the Puritans and Pilgrims, life in New England centered around the church. The Puritans and Pilgrims believed that the “New England Way” was to work 6 days a week and go to church on Sunday. Everyone in the colonies had to be educated so that they could read the bible.

The New England Way is to work and go to church… There is no time for play.

Geography and Climate The climate of the New England Colonies was colder than the other two colonial regions because they were the farthest north. The hard rocky soil and long-cold winters made farming difficult in New England.

I can’t farm in this hard, rocky soil !!

Winter in New England

Geographic Features Mountains/Hills Forests Coastlines

What type of farming did New England settlers rely on? Plantation Farming Mercantilism Long Distance Agriculture Subsistence Farming

A farm that only produces enough to feed one’s family. Little is leftover for sale.

Subsistence Farming Since large-scale farming was so difficult in the hard, rocky soil of New England, most families in New England practiced what is called “subsistence farming”. This is where a farmer operates a small family farm and only grows enough produce to subside on (get by, or feed his family).

Subsistence farming means you only grow enough for your family and a little to trade

Economy of the New England Colonies etId=457F AC-4A5F-BCAD-4B DC etId=457F AC-4A5F-BCAD-4B DC

Discussion Question Why didn’t the New England colonists farm on a wide scale?

Discussion Question Answer Too cold Too many hills, mountains Soil too poor, rocky

Discussion What is an industry? What kind of industries were successful in New England?

Industry A field of business

Industry and Economy Due to the long winters and hard, rocky soil, agriculture (farming) was not a major industry (business) in New England. Instead, New England colonists looked to the area’s natural resources that could be found in the surrounding forest and sea to survive and make money.

Industry in New England The natural resources of the New England Colonies included fish, whales, trees and furs. Lumbering, trade, fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding became very important to the region’s economy.

Lumbering Cutting down trees

What do you call someone who trades and sells goods for a living? Merchant Sales Guard Sailor

Merchant A person who buys and sells goods

Characteristics of New England Colonies Labor- consisted of indentured servants and voluntary apprentices Population- Variations of Protestant and English Most important cities-Boston, Plymouth

Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay Colony) Founded by John Winthrop in 1630 and the Puritans for religious freedom

City Upon a Hill John Winthrop was the governor of the Puritan colony in Massachusetts. John Winthrop told the world that he was making a “City Upon a Hill.” He wanted to use the Puritan’s Massachusetts colony as an example of a perfect city in the eyes of God.

We are making a perfect and godly city upon a hill

The Church house where all governmental affairs are conducted

Puritans were “Old School”, Old Testament Strict You could be put to death for: Worshipping any God, but the Lord God Blaspheming the Lord Stealing a man (for slavery purposes) Bearing false witness against your fellow man Children smiting or cursing their parents Stubborn and rebellious children who don’t listen to their parents

Rhode Island Roger Williams set up the colony of Rhode Island with Anne Hutchinson in 1636 as a beacon for religious tolerance and safe refuge against religious persecution at the hands of the Puritans. Rhode Island became a colony founded on ideals of religious freedom and toleration.

Roger Williams Roger Williams was a pastor who had disputes in Massachusetts under strict Puritan rule. Williams believed the Puritans unlawfully stole land from the Indians and the Natives were not properly compensated. He refused to take a residential loyalty oath in Massachusetts believing any oath other than to God was idolatry. He wanted separation of Church and state believing that the Massachusetts leaders could not punish citizens for parts of the Ten Commandments. Williams was banished in 1635 from Massachusetts and just barely escaped deportation back to England with the help of his Native American friends.

Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson was a church leader in Massachusetts who had conflict with the Puritan leaders over a difference in theological teachings. Hutchinson believed that Christ’s salvation is based on faith and not on good works and morality as the Puritans believed. She caused division in the Puritan Church with Antinomian theology, it is by God’s grace and your faith that Christians are saved not by obeying rules and having moral lives.

Connecticut Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636 for religious freedom and differences over Puritan governance.

Thomas Hooker Hooker disagreed with Puritans in Massachusetts over their position that only church members who owned property could have the right to vote. He favored a more democratic view favoring voting for all men regardless of religious qualification. Hooker received permission to leave Massachusetts in 1636 with his congregation.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut First written constitution in the colonies Set up ideas of representative government, separation of powers, majority rules, and extended voting rights to all property owning, adult, white males.

New Hampshire Founded in 1623 by John Mason. Colonists were both Puritan and Puritan dissenters under John Wheelwright, a supporter of Anne Hutchinson.

Discussion Question Why were Boston and Plymouth so important?

Discussion Question Answer They are major centers of trade because of their location and great harbors.