The Neuron Neuron II Brain Parts The Nervous System.

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Presentation transcript:

The Neuron

Neuron II

Brain Parts

The Nervous System

The Endocrine System

More Brain Parts

$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Neuron I Neuron II Brain Parts The Nervous System The Endocrine System More Brain Parts

Covering of the axon that speeds up neural impulses

Myelin Sheath

Type of neuron that takes messages to the central nervous system

Sensory/Afferent

Type of neuron that processes information in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Interneuron

Location of receptor sites

Dendrites

Part of the neuron that contains neurotransmitters

Terminal buttons/presynaptic buttons

Phase of a neuron when it is polarized and ready to fire

Resting potential

Period where neuron is recharging and cannot release another action potential

Refractory Period

Type and location of ions when a neuron is ready to fire

Sodium (NA+) is outside of axon; Potassium (K+) is inside of axon

Type of cell that holds neurons in place, provide nourishment, and removes waste products; Also prevents harmful substances from passing the blood-brain barrier

Glial cells

Describe what happens electrochemically when a neuron fires (action potential)

Neuron becomes depolarized as NA+ ions flow into the neuron (happens step by step down neuron); K+ ions flow out of the neuron; Sodium-Potassium pump replaces ions in their “correct” spot

Sensory relay station (receives all sensory stimuli minus smell)

Thalamus

Life-support center: breathing, heart rate

Medulla

Helps us respond to situations based on our level of arousal; Alerts higher parts of the brain

Reticular Formation (also called Reticular Activating System)

“Little brain”; Balance, coordination, implicit procedural memories, judgment of time

Cerebellum

Registers and processes touch, taste, pain, and skin temperature

Sensory Cortex (in parietal lobe)

Components of the central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Division of the NS that transmits commands for voluntary movement from the CNS to the muscles

Somatic NS

Part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down

Parasympathetic NS

List the changes that occur in the body when the sympathetic NS is activated

Pupils dilate, heart beat accelerates, lungs constrict, digestion systems inhibit digestion, adrenal gland releases adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Term used to describe systems that work in opposition to each other (like the autonomic NS)

Opponent Process

The endocrine system releases these into the blood stream

Hormones

How are hormones different than neurotransmitters?

Slower, but more long lasting

The master gland that controls all other glands; works in concert with the hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Gland that helps regulate energy level and metabolism in the body

Thyroid

Regulates the level of blood sugar in the blood

Pancreas

Involved in coordination of movement, sleep, arousal, and facial expressions (“bridge” between cerebral cortex and medulla)

Pons

Fear and aggression, detects threats

Amygdala

Band of neural tissue that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Corpus callosum

In between brainstem and limbic system

Midbrain

Areas of the brain that are involved in higher mental functioning

Association areas