Chemicals and the Earth Lesson 3: Extraction of Metals.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemicals and the Earth Lesson 3: Extraction of Metals

Talk about native metals and ores Talk about native metals and ores Look at the three methods of extraction Look at the three methods of extraction Introduce table of extraction of metals Introduce table of extraction of metals Lesson 3 Objectives

Recap on last lesson Oxidation is the addition of oxygen (or loss of electron) Oxidation is the addition of oxygen (or loss of electron) Reduction is the loss of oxygen (or gain of electron) OIL RIG OIL RIG

Thermit Reaction aluminium +iron(III)oxide iron + aluminium oxide identify what is being oxidised and what is being reduced? Hence what is the reducing or oxidising agent?

Metals and Metal Ores Metals that are found uncombined in nature are called native metals. Metals that are found uncombined in nature are called native metals. Give an example of native metal? Why ? Most metals are found in compounds and are not native. Rocks from which they can be separated are called ores Most metals are found in compounds and are not native. Rocks from which they can be separated are called ores

Ores A rock is a mixture of minerals. A mineral is any solid compound or ore found naturally in the earth’s crust. A rock is a mixture of minerals. A mineral is any solid compound or ore found naturally in the earth’s crust. Examples: haematite (iron), malachite (copper), bauxite (aluminium) Examples: haematite (iron), malachite (copper), bauxite (aluminium)

How are metals released from their compounds (ores)?

Methods of extraction 1) by heat alone: thermal decomposition 1) by heat alone: thermal decomposition silver oxide sliver + oxygen silver oxide sliver + oxygen 2) by heating with carbon 2) by heating with carbon copper +carbon copper + carbon oxide dioxide copper +carbon copper + carbon oxide dioxide

Extracting metals from ores The extraction of metals from ore involves always a chemical reaction to release the metal from its compounds The extraction of metals from ore involves always a chemical reaction to release the metal from its compounds Extraction of metals can also be described as a reduction. Many ores are oxides this means removing oxygen to release the metals Extraction of metals can also be described as a reduction. Many ores are oxides this means removing oxygen to release the metals

Methods of extraction 3) by electrolysis 3) by electrolysis Passing electricity through a molten ore will split up the compound and so extract the metal. Electrical energy decomposes the compounds and reduces the ore Passing electricity through a molten ore will split up the compound and so extract the metal. Electrical energy decomposes the compounds and reduces the ore aluminium oxide aluminium +oxygen

Extraction in terms of the Reactivity Series Metals higher than carbon are extracted using ? Metals higher than carbon are extracted using ? Metals below carbon are extracted using? Metals below carbon are extracted using? Mercury and Silver Mercury and Silver

questions sheet Answer question 1,2,3 on sheet Hand in exercise books at end of lesson !!