Chapter 7 – Industrial Inventions early 1800s Notice how the development of each invention of the early 1800s affected the young nation.

Causes of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. Embargo Act – Why? Large labor force – Why? Geography – Why? Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. o Shift from simple tools to machines o Shift from natural to artificial sources of power o Shift from regional to nationwide distribution

The Spinning Jenny & Power Loom – SAMUEL SLATER Textile mills brought many workers & machines like these under one roof in factories powered by water wheels. People left farms for cities and created the growth of many towns in New England near rivers to turn the water wheels.

Textile mills like Francis Lowell’s in Massachusetts helped the growth of small towns in N. England

The Factory System The Factory System Workers and machines came together under one roof, usually near a source of water to power the machines. Workers and machines came together under one roof, usually near a source of water to power the machines. Work gradually began to leave the home and go to the factories of the U.S. Work gradually began to leave the home and go to the factories of the U.S. What grows? Cities, governments, populations, crime, pollution …. Etc. Cities, governments, populations, crime, pollution …. Etc.

Industrial Revolution Machines replaced hand tools, and large scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main source of work. Machines replaced hand tools, and large scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main source of work.

Eli Whitney In 1797, The U. S. government hired inventor Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for the army. He was to have the guns ready in two years. In 1801, he showed G. Washington a box with piles of musket parts. He took a part from each pile and assembled a musket in a matter of seconds. He had just demonstrated the use of interchangeable parts – parts were all exactly alike.

Interchangeable Parts Parts that are exactly alike was Eli Whitney’s idea when he tried to put the musket together in seconds. Machines that produced exactly matching parts soon became standard industries Made repairs easy Used low pay and less skilled workers

Cotton Gin (Engine) Invented in 1793 Allowed faster cleaning of cotton bolls Increased cotton productivity from 10 lbs per day to 50 lbs per day. Effect --- more farmers borrowed more money to buy more land to plant more cotton that required more slaves

New Inventions – The Claremont made the 300 mile trip from New York to Albany and back in 62 hours in The Steam Boat invented by Robert Fulton

Steam engines The steam boat could move against the current of the river and the wind Led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and St. Louis Shreve also invented a better steam boat. The town of Shreveport, LA was named after this inventor.

Robert Fulton Shreve’s double decker steamboat and a paddle wheel in the back 1816 it went UP the Mississippi River!!!

The Telegraph…..

The Telegraph Invented by Samuel Morse Long and short pulses of electricity along a wire ( dot, dot dash…--..) Took seconds to communicate to other cities Brought about national unity! ---…---

Morse Code

John Deere’s steel plow

John Deere’s Steel Plow John Deere’s Steel Plow John Deere invented the light weight steel plow with a steel cutting edge. Older cast iron plows were designed for the light sandy soil of New England. But rich clay, like the soil of the Midwest needed a sharper blade of steel. More farmers moved to the Midwest with the help of this new plow.

The Mechanical Reaper *The Reaper & the threshing machines helped improve agriculture. *They were made by Cyrus McCormick in *The thresher separated kernels of wheat from husks. *The reaper cut ripe grain quickly.

Peter Cooper Designed and built the first steam powered locomotive in the United States “Tom Thumb” -- the Iron Horse What was the effect of the locomotive on industrialization in the U.S. ????

Patents Protects the inventor who has the SOLE right to make and sell the invention.

Name the Inventor Samuel Slater stole idea of textile mill from England. Francis Cabot Lowell –he had 22 mills and created the textile factories in New England brought power looms from England Eli Whitney - inventor of cotton gin & interchangeable parts.

Name the Invention Samuel Morse John Deere Robert Fulton Henry Miller Shreve

More inventors Robert Fulton – invented steamboat Sam Morse – invented telegraph John Deere- invented the steel plow Elias Howe – invented sewing machine Oliver Evans – invented steam engine and grist mill

Ch 7 Inventions Review Name an invention and tell how it affected or impacted our young nation. Why was New England a good place to build factories? Which inventions did most to link the nation?

That’s all folks……….