Puritanism A religious/ social movement of 1500’s & 1600’s

Origins Began in England, then spread to America Began in England, then spread to America Greatly influenced social, political, and religious institutions Greatly influenced social, political, and religious institutions

Beliefs Developed from the teachings of:

John Wycliffe & John Calvin Wycliffe was a professor of philosophy at Oxford University during 1300’s Wycliffe was a professor of philosophy at Oxford University during 1300’s Calvin was a leader during the Protestant Reformation- led to Protestantism Calvin was a leader during the Protestant Reformation- led to Protestantism

Beliefs continued Considered Bible as the true law of God that provided guidelines for church government Considered Bible as the true law of God that provided guidelines for church government Church should be organized under councils Church should be organized under councils Some believed each church should have total control over own affairs Some believed each church should have total control over own affairs Church of England didn’t meet these ideals Church of England didn’t meet these ideals

Beliefs cont’d Emphasis on Bible reading, prayer, and preaching during worship services Emphasis on Bible reading, prayer, and preaching during worship services Simplified the sacraments Simplified the sacraments Focus on more personal prayer rather than prescribed prayer (ex. “Our Father”) Focus on more personal prayer rather than prescribed prayer (ex. “Our Father”) Stressed grace, devotion, prayer, and self- examination to achieve religious virtue Stressed grace, devotion, prayer, and self- examination to achieve religious virtue

History Name came from group of Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Church of England Name came from group of Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Church of England Through 1520’s & 1530’s many Christians demanded that church & government be operated according to the Bible. They believed the Bible governed all human affairs Through 1520’s & 1530’s many Christians demanded that church & government be operated according to the Bible. They believed the Bible governed all human affairs

History continued During 1600’s Puritans increasingly opposed political/religious policies of King James I & later King Charles I During 1600’s Puritans increasingly opposed political/religious policies of King James I & later King Charles I Tensions build due to lack of cooperation Tensions build due to lack of cooperation Puritans gain strength in Parliament Puritans gain strength in Parliament 1642 Civil War breaks out between the Crown forces (Cavaliers) & Puritans (Roundheads) 1642 Civil War breaks out between the Crown forces (Cavaliers) & Puritans (Roundheads)

History continued 1649 Oliver Cromwell wins series of victories & rules England till his death in Oliver Cromwell wins series of victories & rules England till his death in 1658 King returns to England King returns to England During 1600’s some Puritans thought reform of C of E impossible During 1600’s some Puritans thought reform of C of E impossible These members chose to try and settle in America These members chose to try and settle in America

Puritans in America Settled in Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island Settled in Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island Strong beliefs in education led to the establishment of grammar schools, Harvard, and Yale (1 st in America) Strong beliefs in education led to the establishment of grammar schools, Harvard, and Yale (1 st in America) Organized government to their liking Organized government to their liking

Puritan influences on British and American Governments Limited or constitutional monarchy limits the power of the ruler Limited or constitutional monarchy limits the power of the ruler Belief in government contracted by the governed influenced the development of American Democratic principles Belief in government contracted by the governed influenced the development of American Democratic principles