Hieroglyphic Numerals

Egyptian numerals Additive System

The eye of Horus

The Battle of Seth and Horus  Seth murders his brother Osiris  Horus goes to revenge his father  Big    Seth mutilates Horus’ eye  Horus castrates Seth  Thote collects pieces of eye and heals it  Eye is now symbol of wholeness

Earliest engraving King Narmer’s club handle BC

Egyptian hieratic numerals

Greek Acrophonic Numerals

Greek acrophonic numerals Multiplicative System

Roman Numerals

Roman Numerals

Roman numerals

Development of Roman Numerals for Large Numbers

Archaic Chinese numerals 14 th – 11 th centuries BC

Archaic Chinese Numerals

Those Magnificent Mayans

Ordinary Mayan numerals

Zero Ground zero Japanese zero

Zero Origin- Arabic al-sifer = zero Hundi- sunya = void, empty - shunya = zero English- cipher = meaning empty space old names- aught, naught, and cipher

The History of Zero

The Abacus Latin = abacus/abaci Greek = abax or abakon = table or tray From Semitic word abq= dust, sand

The Table of Salamis 4 th or 5 th century BC Found on the island of Salamis in 1846

Ancient Counting Devices

Ancient Chinese counting grid

Counting devices of the Middle Ages

Modern Abaci