Week 8: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (2) An introduction to using SPSS to summarise & analyse survey data MA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACP011C – RESEARCH.

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Week 8: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (2) An introduction to using SPSS to summarise & analyse survey data MA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACP011C – RESEARCH METHODS FOR CSR Richard Charlesworth

Learning outcomes What is SPSS? Relationship between the SPSS data file & the questionnaire Creating & preparing the SPSS data file Producing SPSS output – data description Saving output & data files Incorporating SPSS output in a document

–Formerly: ‘Statistical package for the social sciences’ –Now: ‘Statistical products, services and solutions’ –Founded in 1968 at Stanford University by 2 graduate students –Statistical software → corporation → PC/Windows development → enterprise –In software known as ‘PASW Statistics’ (Predictive Analytics Software); in 2010 acquired by IBM – now known as ‘IBM SPSS’ –SPSS software is used by more than 120,000 corporations including 20 of the top 24 global commercial banks, and the leading 12 global pharmaceutical companies –Users also include academic institutions, healthcare providers, market research companies, and government agencies –Used in more than 100 countries –More information.. What is SPSS? Some background information

SPSS data file – a matrix of rows & columns respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: ::::::::

SPSS data file – the rows respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: This row comprises answers from the questionnaire submitted by respondent no. 3. SPSS refers to rows as ‘Cases’

SPSS data file – the columns respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: Variable names - help us navigate through the data set

SPSS data file – the columns respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: Answers to Q1 – ‘Which sport/activity have you taken part in during this visit to the Centre?’

SPSS data file – the columns respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: code 6 = gym training code 1 = swimming code 4 = badminton code 3 = judo

SPSS data file – the columns respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: Two answers are required for Q4 - ‘The two most important developments’ proposed for the Centre

SPSS data file – missing value codes respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: No response coded 999 Multiple response coded 888

SPSS data file – data types respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: The data file will contain up to three different types of data Nominal data, Ordinal data, & Cardinal data

SPSS data file – data types respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: Nominal data – arbitrary codes Any more examples of Nominal data generated by this questionnaire?

respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: Ordinal data - codes, but with an underlying order or sequence SPSS data file – data types Any more examples of Ordinal data generated by this questionnaire?

respondentsportreasonrangechanges1changes2genderage :::::::: :::::::: Cardinal data – has sequence and units of measurement on an interval or ratio scale. Called ‘Scale’ data in SPSS SPSS data file – data types Any more examples of Cardinal data generated by this questionnaire?

Learning outcomes BACKGROUND/CONTEXT What is SPSS? Relationship between the SPSS data file & the questionnaire PRACTICAL WORK Creating & preparing the SPSS data file Producing SPSS output – data description Saving output & data files Incorporating SPSS output in a document

Data entry o enter directly to data editor, or o copy and paste from Excel (or Word) file Defining the variables o Type- Numeric or String o Name- allows you to allocate a meaningful variable name o Label - allows a brief description of the variable o Values- assigns descriptions to the numerical codes o Missing data - assigns codes for missing data o Measure- confirms type of data Summarising data & preliminary analyses – some examples o Frequencies - graphs (‘charts’), tables o Descriptive statistics Incorporating output in a document Saving SPSS files Using SPSS

Login Open Excel o Go to the shared drive o Open the folder LMBS, then the folder ACP011C Research Methods for CSR o Open Seabridge Fitness & Sports Centre.xls o Save to the X-drive (your home drive) or disk/memory stick o Close Excel Open SPSS o Copy & paste Seabridge Fitness & Sports Centre data to the SPSS data editor (Note: just the numbers; NOT the column headings) After the demonstration, start defining the variables o Type- ‘Numeric’ or ‘String’ o Name- allows you to allocate a meaningful variable name o Label - allows a brief description of the variable o Values- assigns descriptions to the numerical codes o Missing data - assigns codes for missing data o Measure- confirms type of data SPSS Practical Session – start up...