PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK THE TIE IN-1

Prologue- World Bank Mission Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006) Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit Design Capacity for Service Delivery Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

Tie In-2: The Popularity of Micro-credit Grameen Bank Nobel Prize for Peace (2006) Micro-credit The Concept and the Controversy Links to Traditional Savings Banks Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist

Micro-Credit will be Popular

TIE IN-3 NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

Grassroots Organizations Civic Education Land Rural Industries Rural Credit Governance / Democracy Communication and Support NGOs Women’s Focused Groups Target Group Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective

Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

Tie In-4

State Societal Linkages: Redux Central State - Macro Civil Society - Micro WeakStrong State-WeakStrong Mono-State…... INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place. …..Local State SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT WeakStrong Mezzo-Intermediate

Civil Society--Review Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests "Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )

Tie In- 5- Human Rights Issues Review Civil Society and Human Rights "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous) Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

Civil Society Structures-1 NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent? Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST NGOs?

NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Foundations

NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2 Civic Associations (Civics) Interest Groups Quangos Trade Unions Religious Organizations

Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)

Civil Society Structures-2 Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable) Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist) Establishing the rule of law Roman vs. Common Law What is the role of the individual

Five Caveats: NGOs Usually excludes “for profits” Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits Includes both International and Local Internationals are not universally loved

Five Caveats, Cont. Very often internationals are religious or charity based Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

Types of “Development” NGOs Philanthropy vs. Charity Relief and Welfare Societies Public Service Contractors Populist based development agencies (national)

Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

Types of “Development” NGOs Grassroots associations (local or village based) Advocacy groups Public Service Contractors

Rural Development Promotion

International NGOs- Care Catholic Relief Services Save the Children Amnesty International Oxfam

Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster War, Drought, Agricultural Failure Focus on Rural Development Human Rights Focus on Governance

Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage Cost-effective Small but efficient Innovative Staff loyalty and commitment

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage Ideologically compatible with Development values Links with poor Image of populism

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Lack of local legitimacy Donor driven Inefficiency

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Amateurism Leadership and continuity problems Staffing problems Self-serving-own objectives Faith Based

Annual Meeting of World Association of Non- Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Fixation on projects Problems of replication Lack of perceived accountability Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Tensions with government institutions Politically threatening Ties with existing local elites Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

Not Oprah’s Book of the Week V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers Jim Mayfield, Go to the People China vs. Indonesia Believers, Unbelievers Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

From the University of Utah to Iraq Jim Mayfield

V.S. Naipaul and with Paul Theroux in 1986

Discussion and Debates Lawrence Graham Monte Palmer Samuel P. Huntington The Picard Findings

First Group Discussion-- Civil Society and Democracy in... South America Central America Eastern and Southern Africa Asia/Central Asia/Eurasia West and Central Africa

Ten Minute Break

Follow Up Discussion and Debate