Computing in the Modern World Mr. Van Nus Colquitt County High School

Generations 4-5 Mr. Van Nus Colquitt County High School

Generation 4 VLSI ( ) By mid 70’s advances in manufacturing led from LSI to VLSI (very large scale int.) – 1000’s to mill’s on 1 chip – Intel 4004 (1971) = 2300 transistors – Pentium 4 (2000)= 42,000,000 transistors As small as meters – Chart Chart

Personal Computer Revolution The first PC (personal computer) was the MITS Altair 8800 – Marketed in 1975 for less than $500 – Included the Intel 8080 – Just a “Computer kit”, customers were responsible for wiring and soldering the parts together. – No keyboard, no monitor, and not permanent storage – User entered directions directly by flipping switches – Viewed output as blinking lights – Despite these limitations, demand for Altair was overwhelming

Personal Computer Revolution MITS, the company that sold the Altair folded within a few years – Other small companies were able to enter and navigate the PC market 1976, Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak started selling a computer kit similar to the Altair, called……..The Apple In 1977 the two men found Apple Computertwo men – Began marketing the Apple II First pre-assembled computer Included keyboard, color monitor, sound/graphics

Personal Computer Revolution By 1980, Apple’s annual sales reached 200 million – Led to other companies (Tandy, Amiga, Commadore) beginning to market their own PC – IBM, a dominant force in computing had been slow to enter the PC market Released the IBM PC in 1980 Immediately became a key player in the PC market

Personal Computer Revolution Apple then countered with Macintosh – Which introduced the now familiar GUI Consisted of windows, mouse/pointer, icons, pull downs Throughout the 80’s a few large companies (IBM, Hewlett Packard – Were able to develop specialized programs for use only with their PC – As more users began to utilize computers software had to grow and adapt.

ENTER THE EVER INFAMOUS… BILL GATES

Personal Computer Revolution Bill Gates and Paul Allen are credited with writing the first commercial piece of software Bill Gates and Paul Allen – An interpreter for BASIC…the programming language with ran the Altair. – The two founded Microsoft in 1975 Gates was a freshman at Harvard Have built the Software giant it is today – Much of it’s success it attributed MS-DOS, the operating system for PC’s As well as application programs: like word processors and spreadsheets – Gates is now the richest person in the world

Object-Oriented Programming The past 20 years had produced numerous new programming languages – Most emphatic on “object-oriented” style Where the programmer models software components after real-world objects 1980 Alan Kay – Developed small talk (first object-orientated language) Ada (named after Mrs. Lovelace) was developed in the 80’s as well

Object-Oriented Programming 1985, Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ – Object-orientated extension of C language C++ and it’s offshoot, Java (95, Sun Microsystems) are now the dominant languages in programming

Generation 5 Parallel Processing & Networking (1985 to present) – Previous generations in computing that have been punctuated by huge shifts in technology or scale – Modern computing is defined by parallel processing and networking Integration of multiple processors in 1 computer Shares computational load between processors enables the computer to function much faster

Networking Until the 90’s most computers were “stand alone” computers – Were not connected to other computers – Small-scale networks were common in large businesses Communications between these networks was rare – The first large scale computer network was ARPAnet, created in1969 Later called the “Internet” Grew slowly, but steadily in the 70’s-80’s Exploded in the 90’s, with development of “

Year Intel Processor Number of Transistors Pentium 4 42,000, Pentium III 9,500, Pentium II 7,500, Pentium3,100, ,200, , , , , , ,300 Figure 6. 15: Numbers of transistors in Intel processors. Back

Figure 6. 16: Steven Jobs, John Sculley, and Stephen Wozniak introduce the Apple IIc (1984). Back

Figure 6.17: Paul Allen and Bill Gates (1981). Back