---Learning about language

Period3 Learning about language: Grammar Noun clause as the subject

3. To find your way can be a problem. What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? 2. Smoking is bad for you. 1. You are a student. 4. “How do you do?” is a greeting. 5.What she said is not yet known. 6. That we shall be late is certain. 7. It is certain that we shall be late. A sentence serving as subject is called Subject Clause.  Step1:Lead-in

 Step2:Grammar learning 主语从句的概念各种连词的用法

主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放 在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本 身放在句子末尾。 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放 在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本 身放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. = It is obvious that he is the best student in the class.

The use of each conjunction, conjunctive pronoun and adverb. The use of each conjunction, conjunctive pronoun and adverb. 一. 从属连词 :that 1. that: 不担任成分. 不翻译. 只起连接作 用. 不能省略. 可以用 it 作形式主语. That she left him cut him to the heart. That she left him cut him to the heart. That the earth is round is true. That the earth is round is true. =It is true that the earth is true. =It is true that the earth is true. That he will come is certain. That he will come is certain. =It is certain that he will come. =It is certain that he will come.

2. that 引导的主语从句常用 it 作形 式主语的四种句型. 2. that 引导的主语从句常用 it 作形 式主语的四种句型. ①.It + be + 形容词 +that……..(should) + 动原 …….( obvious, true, natural, good, likely, sure, certain, possible, probable, funny, wonderful, important, necessary … ) 从句可放在句首 It is obvious that he is an honest man. It is obvious that he is an honest man. =That he is an honest man is obvious. =That he is an honest man is obvious. It is necessary that you should master a foreign language. It is necessary that you should master a foreign language. = That you should master a foreign language is necessary. = That you should master a foreign language is necessary.

②. It +be+ 名词 +that--- （ should ) + 动 原 …….(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a fact, a shame…….). 从句可放在句首 It is a pity that you should miss such a good chance. = That you should miss such a good chance is a pity. It is a fact that she has been to America three times.

③. It +be+ 过去分词 +that……( said, believed. Reported, thought, expected, decided, announced…….) 从句不可放在句首. It is reported that China has sent another spaceship. It has been decided that she will represent the whole class to take part in the English Speech Contest. ④ It + 不及物动词 ( 短语 )+that……..( seem, happen, appear, turn out, occure to sb.). 从句 不可放在句首 It seems that he is an honest man. It happened that he was watching TV when his mother came back.

3. 注意 : ①. 当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时而且 有宾语补足语时不可用 it 作形式主语. That Tom has been admitted by a university made his parents very excited. ②当 that 从句出现在疑问句中时只能用 it 作形式主语. Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?

二. 从属连词 whether 不担任成分但 翻译为是否, 不能省略, 可以用 it 作形 式主语. Whether he will join us will not make too much difference. Whether he will join us will not make too much difference. = It will not make too much difference whether he ………….. = It will not make too much difference whether he ………….. Whether he is coming or not is doubtful. Whether he is coming or not is doubtful. =It is doubtful whether he ……….. =It is doubtful whether he ……….. 注意 : 如果用 it 作形式主语也可用 if 引导. 主语从句. 注意 : 如果用 it 作形式主语也可用 if 引导. 主语从句. It hasn’t been decided whether/if he will come or not. It hasn’t been decided whether/if he will come or not.

 三. 连接代词 :who, whom. whose, what, which 既担任 成分又翻译, 不能省略, 在句中作主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 表语. 可用 it 作形式主语除 what 外. ●Who let out the news remained unknown =It remained unknown who let out the news. ●Which is right is not known to us = It is not known to us which ………. ●Whose son he is is not clear = It is not clear whose son he is. ●What he said at the meeting is important It is important What he said at the meeting.(False) ●What I want to know is your telephone number. It is your telephone number What I want to know. (False)

四 : 连接副词 :when, where, why,how 既担任成分又翻译, 不能省略, 在句中作 状语, 可用 it 作形式主语 ●How this happened is still a question. =It is still a question how this happened. ●When we will set off for Beijing is not clear =It is not clear when we will set off for Beijing. ●Why he was late for the school this morning hasn’t been figured out. =It hasn’t been figured out why he was late for the school this morning.

五.Wh—ever(whoever,whomever whosever.whenever,wherever,w hatever,whichever,) 既担任成分 又翻译, 不能省略, 不能 it 用作形式主 语. Whoever leaves the office should tell me. Whatever he did was right. Whenever the school sports will be held is not known yet.

 Step3 ：主语从句三原则 一 : 语序都用陈述语序. 一 : 语序都用陈述语序. 二 : 连接词一般不能省略. 二 : 连接词一般不能省略. 三 : 主句谓语动词一般用单数. 三 : 主句谓语动词一般用单数. （但 what 引导的主语从句要根据主句表 语的单复数或根据语境而定） （但 what 引导的主语从句要根据主句表 语的单复数或根据语境而定） What I need are many true friends. What I need are many true friends. What I need is money. What I need is money. What we need are good books. What we need are good books.

 Step4. Generalization. Nine---word recipe Nine---word recipe 一. 看语序 一. 看语序 二. 看成分. 二. 看成分. 三. 看翻译. 三. 看翻译.

 Step5. Practise 1.____they have won the game made us excited. A./ B. That C. What D. Where A./ B. That C. What D. Where 2.It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning gray. A.while B. that C. if D. for A.while B. that C. if D. for 3.___he doesn't like them is very clear. A. What B. That A. What B. That C. Which D. Where C. Which D. Where 4._____studies hard will pass the examination. A. Whoever B. Any student A. Whoever B. Any student C. Who D. Those who C. Who D. Those who

5._________ is unknown to us all A. Where did he get it B. Where he got it C. That where he got D. Which he got it 6. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter______that I’m talking to. A.who is it B. who it is C.it is who D.it is whom

8 ____made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of students had been admitted to key universities. A.What; because B.What; that C. That; what D.That; because 9______team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship. A.No matter what B. No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 10.____is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. A.As B.That C.This D.It 11.____I can’t understand is____ he changed his mind. A. That; that B.What; why C.Which; how D.That; why

12. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________. A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along 13.I wonder how much ________. A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs 14.He'd like to know what _________ today. A. the weather looks B. does the weather look C. the weather looks like D. does the weather look like 15. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________. A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so

 Step6.Homework Finish off the exercises on Page29 and 64.