Geochemical Heterogeneity of Groundwater in Uncontaminated and Contaminated Aquifers Jean M. Bahr University of Wisconsin - Madison.

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Presentation transcript:

Geochemical Heterogeneity of Groundwater in Uncontaminated and Contaminated Aquifers Jean M. Bahr University of Wisconsin - Madison

Hydrogeologists expect spatial variations in concentrations at contaminated sites “A” Aquifer Water Levels and TCE Plumes, 1983

But “background” concentrations often determined by a single upgradient well Background well

Take Home Messages Groundwater chemistry at “pristine” sites can vary temporally and spatially at local scales Geochemical signatures can help to delineate local flow paths Geochemical heterogeneity at a local scale reflects a combination of distinct flow paths and reactions

Case Studies Discharge zone in WI Central Sands Discharge zones in a glacial aquifer of Northern WI Fractured dolomite in Door Co., WI Fractured shale at Oak Ridge, TN Pristine and plume transects at a site of BTEX contamination near Sparta WI

Current and Former Students Lucy Chambers Meigs Lynn Raue Dean Rod Rustad Elizabeth Keating Gerilynn Moline Madeline Schreiber Jodi Vandervelden Maureen Muldoon Peter Taglia Ingrid Ekstrom Geology 729 Classes

Discharge zone in Wisconsin’s Central Sands

Lucy Chambers Meigs

Multilevel Construction and Installation

Miniature Multilevel InstallationCompleted Miniature Multilevels

Field sampling and analysis

Colorimetric kits for DO, Fe, NO 3 and others

InjectionWell Ditch

58 64 Elevation (ft)

(mg/l)

Elevation (ft) (mg/l)

Elevation (ft)

Discharge zones in a glacial aquifer of Northern Wisconsin

Lower Site Middle Site Elizabeth Keating

Reactions Simulated Plag + 5 H +  Ca 2+ + clay + 3[cations] + Fe(OH) 3 +3H +  Fe H 2 O Dissolution Acid/Base Redox CO H +  HCO 3 - H 2 CO 3  HCO H + Fe 2+  Fe 3+ + e - 1/2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e -  H 2 O

Calibration Parameters Hydraulic conductivity zones Plagioclase dissolution rate constant Electron source rates for different electron acceptors

Middle Site Streambed + Hillslope Lower Site Streambed + Hillslope Upper Site

Elevation (m)

Fractured dolomite in Door Co., Wisconsin

Fracture Mapping Bissen Quarry Maureen Muldoon

Elevation (ft)

Chloride (mg/l)

Fractured shale at Oak Ridge, Tennessee

vector mean=180 grid N true N vector mean=200 grid N true N 45 vector mean=249 grid N true N vector mean=180 grid N true N Water tableShallow bedrock a) b) Horizontal gradient Horizontal flow direction 45

Hydrochemical Facies from Multilevel Samples

Spatial Distribution of Hydrochemical Facies

Approx. horizontal flow direction

BTEX plume in sandy aquifer, Fort McCoy

Maddy Schreiber Pete Taglia

Tarr Creek Locations of Uncontaminated and Contaminated Transects

Uncontaminated Transect Elevation (m)

Contaminant Profiles Elevation (m)

Contaminated Transect Elevation (m)

Contaminated Transect Elevation (m)

Conclusions Groundwater chemistry at “pristine” sites can vary temporally and spatially at local scales Geochemical signatures can help to delineate local flow paths Geochemical heterogeneity at a local scale reflects a combination of distinct flow paths and reactions

Implications for Assessing Contaminated Sites Interpreting changes induced by contaminants and predicting potential for natural attenuation or enhanced remediation require adequate characterization of background geochemical heterogeneity