Karaganda State Medical University Epidemiology as a science. Subject, tasks and methods of epidemiology Lecture: Kamarova A.M.

Karaganda State Medical University Department: Epidemiology and communal hygiene hygieneLECTURE Topic : “ Epidemiology as a science. Subject, tasks and methods of epidemiology.” Topic : “ Epidemiology as a science. Subject, tasks and methods of epidemiology.” Discipline _ БДО 26 Epid Epidemiology_ Specialty “General Medicine ” Course III Duration I hours Karaganda 2009

 Topic: Epidemiology as a science. Subject, tasks and methods of epidemiology Purpose:

Brief contents.  Thesis of lecture  Visual material

References.

The epidemiology is a science about numerous diseases of the person which deals in studying the reasons, conditions, mechanisms of formation of disease and development of actions of its prevention. The epidemiology is a science about numerous diseases of the person which deals in studying the reasons, conditions, mechanisms of formation of disease and development of actions of its prevention.

Clinical sections of medicine are connected with studying of illness and health of individuals with the purpose of developmental methods which reveals the diseases and treatment of patients. Feature of epidemiology is studying health and disease of the population for development of the prevention of diseases. And though the disease of population develops with infected peoples, its study is based on the background of the uniform phenomenon covering sets of cases of diseases and their acts. Clinical sections of medicine are connected with studying of illness and health of individuals with the purpose of developmental methods which reveals the diseases and treatment of patients. Feature of epidemiology is studying health and disease of the population for development of the prevention of diseases. And though the disease of population develops with infected peoples, its study is based on the background of the uniform phenomenon covering sets of cases of diseases and their acts.

Epidemiology is the science of discovering causes of illness and injury in populations. Epidemiology is the science of discovering causes of illness and injury in populations. Epidemiology studies are used to control and prevent health problems. Epidemiology studies are used to control and prevent health problems.

Specificity of epidemiological study of illnesses is reflected in the branch of science. «literally epidemiology is – science about epidemics». The term «epidemic» is translated as «on people» (from Greek epi – on/in; demos – area, the country, peoples). It means, that the question is that illness not a separate individual, or the cumulative population or its groups. That is, the term «epidemic» can be translated as «disease of the population», and «epidemiology» – as «science of studying diseases of the population». Specificity of epidemiological study of illnesses is reflected in the branch of science. «literally epidemiology is – science about epidemics». The term «epidemic» is translated as «on people» (from Greek epi – on/in; demos – area, the country, peoples). It means, that the question is that illness not a separate individual, or the cumulative population or its groups. That is, the term «epidemic» can be translated as «disease of the population», and «epidemiology» – as «science of studying diseases of the population».

Epidemiology as general medical science – the science of studying the reasons, conditions and mechanisms of formation of disease of the population by the analysis of features of its distribution on territory, among various groups of the population and in time and using these data for development of ways of preventive measure of diseases. Epidemiology as general medical science – the science of studying the reasons, conditions and mechanisms of formation of disease of the population by the analysis of features of its distribution on territory, among various groups of the population and in time and using these data for development of ways of preventive measure of diseases.

Modern problems of an epidemiology: Modern problems of an epidemiology:  The infectious pathology stands on the first place among the reasons of disease of the population.  Infectious diseases cause the big problem of health of people and of national economy too.  There is a change of structure of a modern infectious pathology.  There are new as well as earlier known forms of infectious diseases.  Concerning many illnesses considering earlier not infectious, quite often the infectious ecological agent, more often the viral nature of organism comes to light.  Change of a clinical picture of infectious diseases is marked.

3 parts of epidemical process SOURCE OF INFECTION MECHANISM OF TRANSMISSION SUSCAPTIBLE HOST

The characteristic of source of infection Ill patient and animals patient Bacteria transmission The forms of diseases Acute The forms of bacteria transmission Chronic Reconvalesent Transite Immune

SOURCE OF INFECTION HUMANS RATS ANIMALS FACTORS OF INVIRONMENT

MECHANISM OF TRANSMISSION  AEROSOL- Transmessed by air  FECAL-ORAL- Transmissed by foodstuffs  TRANSMISSIVE-Transmissed by blood  CONTACT – Transmissed by direct contact  VERTICAL- Tranmissed from mother to the foetus

MECHANISM OF TRANSMISSION  AEROSOL  FECAL-ORAL

 TRANSMISSIVE  CONTACT

The epidemiological method is the set of methodical receptions based on the analysis of features of distribution of diseases in place and time, intended for revealing the reasons, conditions and mechanisms of formation of disease with the purpose on their preventive measure. The epidemiological method is the set of methodical receptions based on the analysis of features of distribution of diseases in place and time, intended for revealing the reasons, conditions and mechanisms of formation of disease with the purpose on their preventive measure.

Epidemiological inspection Epidemiological analysis Sanitary epidemiological investigation 1.Individual Case of infectious 2. Plural case of infectious Retrospective analysis Operative analysis Investigation the collectives with high risk of infection Investigation residentisl area Investigation of new area THE STRUCTURE OF EPIDEMIOLOGYCAL DIAGNOSTIC

Control questions (feedback) - Epidemical process is. - 3 parts of epidemical process. - Source of infection. - Mechanism of transmission. - Susceptible host.

The END. Thank you!