War’s End President Nixon institutes his Vietnamization policy, and America's longest war finally comes to an end. (Corresponds to 22.5)

Pullout Begins Nixon finds negotiations not progressing NSA Henry Kissinger works on new plan Vietnamization ARVN takes over

"Peace with Honor" Nixon calls for "peace with honor” –Attempt to maintain dignity Orders bombing of: –North Vietnam –Vietcong hideouts in LaosCambodia

Mainstream America Silent majority: –Moderate, mainstream people supporting war

My Lai Massacre Platoon kills civilians in My Lai village Lt. William Calley in command –Convicted

Invasion of Cambodia 1970 –US invades Cambodia Clear out enemy supply centers –1.5 million college students protest –Close 1,200 campuses Invasion results in repeal of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Pentagon Papers Pentagon Papers show plans to enter war under LBJ Confirms that government not honest about intentions

Peace at Hand 1971 – 60% think US should withdraw 1972 – N. Vietnamese attack –US bombs cities –Mines Haiphong harbor Kissinger agrees to complete withdrawal “Peace is at hand” declared by Nixon

Final Push South Vietnam rejects Kissinger plan –Talks break off –Bombings resume Congress calls for end to war –Peace treaty signed January 1973

Fall of Saigon Cease-fire breaks down North invades South surrenders mesource.html mesource.html llsaigon30/flash.htm llsaigon30/flash.htm

Coping at Home 58,000 Americans killed Over 2 million Vietnamese killed Veterans face indifference; hostility 15% develop post-traumatic stress disorder

Turmoil in Southeast Asia Communists put 400,000 South Vietnamese in labor camps –1.5 million flee Civil war in Cambodia –Khmer Rouge seize power –Want to establish peasant society –Kill at over 1 million people –Pol Pot

Legacy of Vietnam Government abolishes draft 1973 – War Powers Act: –President must inform Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops –90 day maximum deployment without Congressional approval War contributes to public cynicism about government, political leaders