Knowledge Representation Submitted to: Dr. Bruce Porter Teaching from Concept Maps: A Progress Report Patrick Christmas, Karen Fullam, Ted Gaubert

Teaching with Concept Maps n Learning through Concept Maps Teachers can clarify lesson plans Student learning is reinforced by seeing and building concept maps n Betty’s Brain Student builds concept map from text Program answers questions based on map construction Student evaluates correctness of map from program responses n Our Problem How to teach from a concept map?

n What ontology of teaching concepts can be defined and integrated into a concept map to define teaching strategy? embed “supplemental” information? n How can the concept map enable student navigation? n How can student comprehension be assessed and modeled to assist navigation?

Approach n Define Teaching Ontology Allow teacher to create meta-concept map to describe teaching relationships between concepts n Create Student Interface Use concept map structure to enable student navigation n Assess Student Comprehension Construct activities and questions to obtain student feedback Model student understanding to guide user toward topics not yet mastered

Teaching Ontology n Teacher must be able to specify: Supplemental information –Equations –Figures –Questions for Evaluation Information about how to teach the material –Sequencing –Importance –Level of Detail

Information Concepts Information Description TextualDescription AudioDescription Figure Diagram Flowchart ConceptMap Chart BarChart ScatterPlot PieChart Table Drawing Photograph Equation Code Assertion Definition Postulate Theorem Lemma Evaluation Exercise ConceptExercise ComputationExercise

Slot Descriptions n ContentLocation: Gives location of this information Range: Url Cardinality: 1-to-1 n Importance: Determines learning importance relative to other concepts Range: Integer Cardinality: N-to-1 n Detail: Determines hiding hierarchy Range: Integer Cardinality: N-to-1 n Sequence: Determines order in which different concepts are presented when interface-directed Range: Integer Cardinality: 1-to-1 n Reinforcement: Determines order and extent to which material about same concept is presented Range: Integer Cardinality: 1-to-1 Importance Range: Integer Cardinality: N-to-1 Sequence Range: Integer Cardinality: N-to-1 n ContentType Range: Media Cardinality: N-to-1 n ContentLocation: Gives location of this information Range: Url Cardinality: 1-to-1 n Importance: Determines relative learning importance Range: Integer Cardinality: N-to-1 n Detail: Determines hiding hierarchy Range: Integer Cardinality: N-to-1 n Sequence: Determines order in which different concepts are presented when interface-directed Range: Integer Cardinality: 1-to-1 n Reinforcement: Determines order and extent to which material about same concept is presented Range: Integer Cardinality: 1-to-1

User Interface Mockup Expand and contract nodes to vary level of detail shown Node color coding estimates student comprehension Detail pane communicates node information and quiz questions Supports varied media types “Web browser” navigation

Assessing Student Comprehension n Dynamically Create User Profile Maximize learning efficiency and retention –Learning Style –Individual concepts tagged with ‘mastery index’ Check for retention at later date Schedule and plan future material n Model student understanding to guide user toward topics not yet mastered

Assess Student Comprehension n Methods of obtaining profile data: Comparing organization of CMAP to a predefined expert CMAP Interactive questioning – Questions generated due to errors or differences found between expert CMAP –User answers predefined questions and ranks their subjective level of understanding –Question previously learned material to check level of retention

Future Progress n Teaching ontology Final definition of concepts and slots Integration of “teaching concept map” with “subject concept map” n Student Interface Define algorithm for navigation and display based on teaching ontology n Assessing Student Comprehension Develop model of student comprehension Relate comprehension to reinforcement navigation