Processes OF Word Formation 10

A. Compounding Compounding is the joining of two or more Words into a Single Word, as in hang a glider ,Breakfast , long-haired.

B. Derivation Derivation is the forming of new words by combining derivational affixes or bound bases with existing Words , as in misadvise Re-ask They are immediately Understandable because You know the meaning of the parts.

C. Invention Now and then new words are totally invented like Kodak and Goof.

D .Echoism Echoism is the formation of words whose sound suggest their meaning like hiss and peewee. The Sound either natural like the Roar of waterfall or artificial like the Clang of a bell.

E. Clipping Clipping means cutting Off the beginning or the end of a word or both Leaving a part to stand for The whole ;lab , Dorm , Prof , exam The back-clipped words are those words that lose their forepart , like plane and phone.

F.Acronoymy Acronomy is the process whereby a word is formed from the initials or be-ginning segments of a succession of words. For example, NATO… ( North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-tion) and radar (radio detecting and ranging).

G.Blending Blending is the fusion of two words into one ,usually the first part of one word with the last part of another, as in gasohol, from gasoline and alcohol. The two classes, blends and clipped words, are not sharply separated, and some words may be put into either class.

Exercise 10-6

Exercise 10-7

The formation of a word from one that looks like its derivative. H. Back-formation The formation of a word from one that looks like its derivative.

Exercise 10-9

I. Folk Etymology Changing a word, in part or in whole, to make it more understandable and more like familiar words.

J. Antonomasia Antonomasia means the formation of common noun, a verb, or an adjective from the name of a person or place.

Exercise 10-11

K. Reduplication Reduplication is the process of forming a new word by doubling a morpheme,usully with a change of vowel or initial consonant, as in pooh-pooh, tiptop, And hanky-panky .The basic morpheme is the second half, like dilly-dally, but it may be the first half, tick tock, or both halves, like singsong, neither half, like boogie-woogie.

Exercise 10-12

K. Reduplication Reduplication can be divided into three classes: 1.The base morpheme is repeated without change. Example: tick- tick 2.The base morpheme is repeated with a change of initial consonant. Example: fuddy-duddy 3. The base morpheme is repeated with a change of vowel. Example: chitchat.

Exercise 10-13