Aim: How did the First civilizations emerge? Do Now: What are some of the components of an organized society?

Civilization: Complex highly organized social order 1.Organized society 2.Complex Religion 3.Job Specialization 4.Social Classes 5.Arts and Architecture 6.Public Works 7.Writing 8.cities

A. River Valley Civilizations 1.Tigris Euphrates River in the Middle East 2. Nile River in Egypt 3.Yellow River in China 4.Indus River in India

How did conditions in some river valleys favor the rise of civilization? Flood waters spread silt across the valleys, renewing the soil and keeping it fertile. The animals that flocked to the rivers to drink were another source of food. In addition rivers provided a regular water supply and a means of transportation.

How did these early civilizations respond to the challenges of the rivers? Early farmers worked together to build dikes, dig canals, and carve out irrigation ditches. Such large scale projects required leadership and organized government.

B. Organized Government 1.As cities grew, they needed a steady food supply. 2.Governments were organized to help produce large amounts of food and oversee irrigation projects. 3.Governments became more complex as rulers issued laws, collected taxes, and organized systems of defense.

C. Complex Religion Polytheism- belief in many gods 1.In most ancient religions priests and worshippers sought to gain the favor of the gods through complex rituals such as ceremonies, dances, prayers and hymns. 2.To ensure divine help, people built temples and sacrificed animals, crops, or sometimes other humans to the gods. 3.Priest had special training and knowledge

D. Job Specialization 1.People specializing in certain jobs. 2.Artisan- skilled craft workers 3.Some people became artisans, or skilled craft workers 4.Other specialists included bricklayers, soldiers, merchants, entertainers.

E. Social Classes 1.People being ranked according to their jobs.

F. Arts and Architecture 1.These two factors expressed the beliefs and values of the people who created them. a. Temples and Palaces dominated the city scenery b. Statues of gods and goddess, temples or palace wall paintings, and furniture, and jewelry.

G. Public works 1.Projects include irrigation, roads, bridges and defense walls ▫How did these projects benefit the city? ▫ Protected cities from attack and ensured its food supply

H. Writing 1.Needed by civilizations to keep records of season changes and ritual matters. 2.Pictograms- early forms of writing, simple drawing that looked like the objects they represented 3.Pre-history- period time before written history