RRN #6 The Sentence

Declarative A sentence may make a statement. A sentence may make a statement.

Interrogative May it also ask a question? May it also ask a question?

Imperative Use it to give an order. Use it to give an order.

Exclamatory What great emotion it can express! What great emotion it can express!

Prepositional Phrase Begins with a preposition Begins with a preposition in the park in the park on the table on the table over the door over the door

Participial Phrase Begins with a present or past participle. Begins with a present or past participle. leading the pack leading the pack grown in the summer grown in the summer

Infinitive Phrase To + the verb To + the verb to play tennis to play tennis to stop the project to stop the project

Independent Clause Makes a complete statement. Makes a complete statement. Communicates an idea by itself. Communicates an idea by itself. The man stood next to the window. The man stood next to the window. Jennifer wondered about her next move. Jennifer wondered about her next move.

Independent Clause The man stood next to the window. The man stood next to the window. Jennifer wondered about her next move. Jennifer wondered about her next move.

Dependent Clause Modifies part of another clause. Modifies part of another clause. Does not communicate a complete thought. Does not communicate a complete thought. May be a part of another clause. May be a part of another clause. which is very costly which is very costly because she is a champion because she is a champion

Four Types of Sentences Simple SV SSV SVV SSVV Compound I;I I,cI Complex ID D,I Compound-Complex D,I;I ID;I I;ID I;D,I D,I,cI ID,cI I,cID I,cD,I

The Simple Sentence Makes a single statement Makes a single statement Is an independent clause Is an independent clause Only has one subject-verb combination Only has one subject-verb combination John and David raced cars but drove safely. John and David raced cars but drove safely.

Compound Sentence Makes two or more statements Makes two or more statements Has two or more independent clauses Has two or more independent clauses Has two or more subject-verb combinations Has two or more subject-verb combinations

Compound Sentence Cont. Independent clauses can be joined using a semi-colon (;) Independent clauses can be joined using a semi-colon (;) It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. It was the best of times; it was the worst of times.

Compound Sentence Cont. Independent clauses can be joined using a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS). Independent clauses can be joined using a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS). George got up three hours earlier than usual, yet he was still late. George got up three hours earlier than usual, yet he was still late. Are you leaving, or will you stay until school is over? Are you leaving, or will you stay until school is over?

Complex Sentence Has an independent clause Has an independent clause Has one or more dependent clauses functioning as modifiers Has one or more dependent clauses functioning as modifiers

Complex Sentence Cont. Subordinating conjunctions are often used to begin dependent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions are often used to begin dependent clauses. whether you like it or not whether you like it or not since the weather is nice since the weather is nice because I won the lottery because I won the lottery

Complex Sentences ID ID We are going to have homework whether you like it or not. We are going to have homework whether you like it or not. D,I D,I Whether you like it or not, we are going to have homework. Whether you like it or not, we are going to have homework.

Complex Sentences Cont. ID ID Let’s eat outside since the weather is nice. Let’s eat outside since the weather is nice. D,I D,I Since the weather is nice, let’s eat outside. Since the weather is nice, let’s eat outside.

Complex Sentences ID ID I have a new pool in my backyard because I won the lottery. I have a new pool in my backyard because I won the lottery. D,I D,I Because I won the lottery, I have a new pool in my backyard. Because I won the lottery, I have a new pool in my backyard.

A Sampling of Subordinating Conjunctions Because Because If If After After Since Since When When Although Although While While even though even though

Compound-Complex Sentences Has two or more independent clauses Has two or more independent clauses Has two or more subject-verb combinations Has two or more subject-verb combinations Has one or more dependent clauses functioning as modifiers Has one or more dependent clauses functioning as modifiers

Compound-Complex Sentences Since the fearsome dragon terrorized the villagers at night for fun, the most valiant knight in all the land pledged to slay the awful creature, but the dragon proved to be too powerful. Since the fearsome dragon terrorized the villagers at night for fun, the most valiant knight in all the land pledged to slay the awful creature, but the dragon proved to be too powerful.