Biology for Future Presidents Important Concepts That Can Be Easily Understood Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan by Professor Larry N. Vanderhoef Chancellor Emeritus & Distinguished Professor University of California, Davis, U.S.A Genes What Are They? Where Are They? Week5 Design courtesy of fppt.com

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Judy Garland and Liza Minnelli J.G.: The Wizard of Oz, etc. L.M.: Caberet, etc. Red rose Flickr hbunny Flickr Boss Tweed 2

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? “Little People, Big World” Reality TV 3

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Attached earlobes - recessive Unattached earlobe - dominant Windows to the universe - Lisa Gardiner Flickr Aine D 4

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Gregor Mendel 5

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Mendel at work on crossing experiments with garden peas Biology10thgrade 6

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Pea characteristics 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Has recessive disappeared? No! DNA Wikipedia - DNA and Heredity 7

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Mendel Made Many Important Discoveries About Genes 1.They came in pairs For example, ear lobes – attached and unattached. 2.One in the pair ma be dominant over the other. Ear lobes – unattached is dominant over attached. 8

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Mendel’s paper – first page Mendel’s ground- breaking paper was overlooked – even by Darwin! Source: Gregor Mendel Manuscript, 1865, Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.htmlhttp:// Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html 9

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Charles Darwin ( ) Gregor Mendel ( ) Darwin and Mendel made discoveries about what was going on inside the cell before they knew much at all about the inside of the cell. 10

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke and his drawing of a thin slice of cork, seen through his microscope Hooke’s microscope, drawn by Hooke in 1665 Cork “cells”? 11

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke’s drawings Fly eyes flea louse Did Hooke make these drawings? Or was it one Of his bright young lab assistants, Christopher Wren… 12

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Christopher WrenSt. Paul’s Cathedral One of many Wren buildings that dot the London skyline Wikimedia Commons Thomas Wesenberg 13

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Ancient eye glasses The magnifying properties of drops of melted glass led to the development of eyeglasses 14

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Galileo Galilei Galileo and his telescope 1610 The Platform of High-Scope Program - hp1 15

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke’s drawings Fly eyes flea louse 16

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Nicolas Hartsoeker – conception of sperm - Preformation 17

The Cell Acetabularia Wikipedia albert kok 18

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? 3.8 bya 3.2 bya 2.7 bya 1.2 bya 900 mya Origin of mitochondria Archaean line Eukaryote line Bacterial line Photosynthesis Origin of chloroplasts Origin of nucleus Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow – figure 13-8 – Page 246-7, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al. 19

GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke and his drawing of a thin slice of cork, seen through his microscope Hooke’s microscope, drawn by Hooke in 1665 Cork “cells”? 20

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Wikimedia Commons Miguelsierra 24

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Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure

Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure

Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 105 Figure

WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Flickr hbunny /3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Trailer screenshot _trailer_4.jpg?uselang=zh-tw 2012/3/13 visited Flickr Boss Tweed /3/13 visited This work is from godijustwantaspace - Little People Big World and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// Wikipedia Hunter Freyer Subject: Michael Kelly's left earlobe /5/28 visited Copyright Declaration 29

WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Windows to the universe - Lisa Gardiner /12/27 visited Flickr Aine D /5/28 visited Wikimedia Commons: Author Unknown /3/13 visited Biology10thgrade /3/13 visited DNA Wikipedia - DNA and Heredity /11/1 visited Copyright Declaration 30

WorkLicenseAuthor/Source This work is from Gregor Mendel Manuscript, 1865, Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html and used for educational purpose only according to the claims on the same page of the above website and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act. Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html Wikimedia Commons Mary Beale /3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons painted c1674 by Mary Beale lang=zh-tw/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke /3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke /3/13 visited Copyright Declaration 31

WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimeida Commons Robert Hooke oke,_1667.jpg/ oke,_1667.jpg/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke /3/13 visited Wikipedia Robert Hooke /3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Sir Godfrey Kneller jpg/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Thomas Wesenberg sten.jpg?uselang=zh-tw/ 2012/3/13 visited Copyright Declaration 32

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WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikipedia: Author Unknown /4/9 visited Wikipedia albert kok /3/13 visited This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow – figure 13-8 – Page 246-7, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al. and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf This work is from Life 9e, Figure5.7, part3 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// This work is from Life 9e, Figure5.7, part1 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// Copyright Declaration 34

WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimedia Commons Mariana Ruiz Villarreal LadyofHats /3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Miguelsierra /3/13 visited This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 105 Figure 6.4 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 ( by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp:// Copyright Declaration 35

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