Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Symbiosis Learning outcomes
Advertisements

Introduction to Plant Pathology
KINGDOM FUNGI.
PLANT PATHOLOGY. Plant disease Plant’s normal function is interrupted by a pathogen or the environment.
1.1 Pathogens. Starter What is health? A state of complete physical, mental and social well- being. What is disease? A description of symptoms which suggest.
Immune System Summary There are three lines of defense a pathogen must defeat in order to create a problem/illness/disease in our bodies. 1) Skin and.
Unit 3: Sustainability and Interdependence
Communicable disease pathogens infection virus bacteria toxins vector.
Assembly and exit of virions from cells LECTURE 14: Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology Waqas Nasir Chaudhry.
Microbes Introduction.
Medical biology, microbiology, virology, immunology department by As. Prof. O.V. Pokryshko.
Viruses Packet #24. Introduction  A virus, or virion, is a tiny particle consisting of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.  Viruses.
OBJECTIVE 6 TERMS : DISEASE TRASNMISSION TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW MAU&feature=relatedhttp://
Viruses, Bacteria & Diseases
Infectious Disease. Bacteria: Friend or Enemy? WHAT IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE?
Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080 Course Title: General Biology (1) & General Biology Departments: Biology, Chemistry, Physics & Mathematics Levels: Second.
Viruses Packet #47 Chapter #18.
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS R. Fuster - I.E.S. Isidor Macabich.
Disease Communicable = spread from one living thing to another or through the environment. (colds, strep throat, mono) NON-communicable = not transmitted.
What … have genetic material and can mutate and evolve, can not metabolize food, can not respond to stimuli, are not made up of cells, can only reproduce.
Presentations today: Derek/Travis Nick/Dustin Rachel/Arianne Erica/Jordan David/Dalton Colton/Taylor Katie/Dylan Dewayne/Ciera.
Chain of infection. Objectives: Chain of Infection 1. List the factors involved in the Chain of Infection 2. State the key role of the nurse in relation.
 Infection and Disease Cellular and Non-cellular Pathogens.
Medical Microbiology Chapter 6 Viral Classification, Structure, and Replication.
Virus & Microorganism Quiz. 1 Viruses attack A. bacterial cells. B. animal cells. C. plant cells. D. all types of cells.
Monocyclic polycyclic.
Viruses Chapter 39.
Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology
VIRUSES PA State Standards:. What are VIRUSES? 1) A nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a coat of protein. 2) Viruses are not considered to be alive.
Mechanism of disease transmission: There are 3 actions (step) for disease transmission: 1. Escape of the agent from the source or reservoir 2. Conveyance.
31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
Viruses, bacteria, viroids, and prions can all cause infection.
31.2 Immune System KEY CONCEPT The immune systems consists of organs, cells, and molecules that fight infections.
What are viruses? Viruses are non-living particles composed of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat. Viruses need a host cell to reproduce—this.
Infectious Disease. WHAT IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE?
Causes and spread of diseases
Microbes. Types of Microbes a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Protists d) Viruses.
Causes of Diseases Ms. Edmonson. Objectives  Identify characteristics of bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and prions.
Microbes and Disease. Microbes are very small living things and are sometimes called micro-organisms. Microbes are so tiny that they cannot be seen with.
ELEMENT 6B: INFECTION & IMMUNITY LECTURE 16: Introduction to Microbiology & Bacterial Forms.
Pathogenic Organisms. Types of Pathogens  There are 5 different types of pathogens. organisms that cause disease Pathogens – organisms that cause disease.
{ Viral Replication  Virus: A biological particle composed of nucleic acid and protein  Intracellular Parasites: organism that must “live” inside a.
Virus vaccines LECTURE 18: Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology Waqas Nasir Chaudhry.
The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes
Viruses Virus - a submicroscopic, obligate parasite consisting primarily of protein and nucleic acid. "Submicroscopic" - implies that the object can not.
What is a virus? Tiny organisms that may lead to mild to severe illnesses in humans, animals, and plants.
Chapter 6 viruses & monerans
BASIC MICROBIOLOGY.
Higher Biology Unit Crop Protection.
KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
Virology Introduction Viral Structure Bacteriophage Replication
KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
Or How infection is caused
Infectious Diseases 1.
Infectious Disease YouTube Video: Meningitis Outbreak
Unit 7: Microbes & Diseases
Viruses.
MBI 140 panel (semester 1; H)
KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
Viruses.
Viruses.
Lecture-16 Viruses.
Microorganisms – Protists, Bacteria and Viruses
Bacteria and Viruses Unit 7
VIRUSES.
Viruses TEK 4C: Compare structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as HIV and.
Presentation transcript:

Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology LECTURE 8: Virus transmission Waqas Nasir Chaudhry Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology

Transmission of plant viruses The viruses have the "machinery" to enter the animal cells directly by fusing with the cell membrane By contrast, plant cells have a robust cell wall and viruses cannot penetrate them unaided Hence plant virus are transmitted by a vector organism that feeds on the plant Aphid Nematode Parasitic Fungi Around 80% plant virus are transmitted by vector

Nematode The nematodes that transmit viruses are soil-dwelling animals that pierce root cells and then ingest their contents An interesting aspect is vector specificity Tobraviruses have rod shaped virions and are transmitted by nematodes in the family Trichodoridae Nepoviruses have isometric virions and are transmitted by nematodes in the family Longidoridae

The basis of some cases of plant virus vector specificity lies in specific amino acid sequences in capsid proteins In other cases important roles are played by virus coded non-structural proteins (helper factors) that are synthesized in the infected plant cell GAG is capsid protein VAP Virion associated protien ATF Aphid transmission factor

Parasitic Fungi Some plant parasitic fungi can also act as virus vectors, for example Spongospora subterranea, which infects potato causing powdery scab disease, is a vector of potato mop top virus If a plant is infected with both a fungus and a virus, then virions may be taken into developing fungal spore

Plant viruses can be transmitted vertically About 20 % of plant viruses can be transmitted vertically Seed can be infected, leading to infection of the next generation Most seed transmitted viruses are carried in the embryo, which may have acquired its infection from either an infected ovule or an infected pollen grain Nepoviruses and the Tobraviruses

Non-vector transmission of vertebrate viruses Many viruses of vertebrates (including humans) infect their hosts via the mucous membranes An infected individual may shed virus-containing droplets into the air during sneezing, speaking and coughing Virus present in genital secretions can be transmitted during sexual contact viruses infecting the intestinal tract are shed in faeces

Non-vector transmission of vertebrate viruses

Transmission of invertebrate viruses Many of these viruses have evolved occlusion bodies, which are large protein structures in which virions become embedded in the infected cell Viruses that produce occlusion bodies include cypo-viruses and baculoviruses Occlusion bodies may be expelled in the faeces of a virus infected insect or they may remain in the host until it is ingested by a predator or it dies as a result of the virus infection