INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL ROAD NETWORK PLANNING – A CASE STUDY By I.Prasada Rao, B.K.Durai, P.K.Jain, Neelam Jain Road Development Planning and Management Central Road Research Institute New Delhi-110 020 Map India-2003

Rural Roads in India Tertiary road system: consists of other district roads and village roads Feeder roads to the primary and secondary road system Aims to connect habitations with all-weather roads Developed so far under different programmes Only about 50 per cent of 6.85 lakhs habitations are provided with all-weather road access. PMGSY - >= 500 Year 2007 Map India-2003

Deficiency in Planning Major deficiencies and poorly developed data base Planning practices are guided by population criteria Sectoral allocation of fund under five year plans Several organization involved in planning and development Map India-2003

VILLAGE AND ROAD INFORMATION SYSTEM GIS - Would become indispensable in planning and management of database. V&RIS help the planners and administrators to identify the problems associated with rural road development activities, location and provision of appropriate facilities, monitoring and maintenance management of the assets created in rural areas. In these cases the information generated from the villages as well as the decision taken at the official level will flow faster to the official involved in development activities. Urgent need to develop a simple method for collection and collation of data of village and roads, which will help in planning and provision of various facilities.

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE Village Level Data  Demographic details Socio-Economic facilities Land-use patterns, etc Rural Road Inventory Map Data – Digital 1:50,000 or 25,000 Block as a Planning Unit and to be integrate for the district level Master Plan 

Survey of India topo sheets Sources of Information Survey of India topo sheets Aerial photos PWD road network maps Revenue maps and records Census maps and records Inventory survey details Traffic census data etc. Map India-2003

Steps - Rural Road Planning Preparation of maps and database in –GIS Identification of major villages (facility villages), or the future growth villages. Generation of shortest distance to the nearest major village along the existing network. Assessing the accessibility of unconnected villages to the major village and prioritizing the villages and the link to be connected. Map India-2003

NETWORK DEVELOPMENT The following assumptions were made to obtain the most accessible link for connecting the unconnected villages in a total road network. The population of the unconnected villages shall have to travel to nearby major village to fulfill their missing facilities or utility services. The unconnected villages may be presently connected through various links such as fair-weather roads, cart tracts and footpaths and they will travel along this link to obtain the facilities. Based on the above assumptions the unconnected villages are to be provided with all-weather connectivity by a link which is shortest and minimum cost link. Map India-2003

Scanned Map of Rupauli Block(1:50,000) Map India-2003

Base Map of Rupauli Block Map India-2003

Village level database of Rupauli Block Map India-2003

Map showing existing roads and inventory data Map India-2003

Thematic Map of Education Facilities

Development of Network Habitation Index Composite measure of development based on its demographic, socio-economic, infrastructure, and policy variables. Each Variables can be given a Weightages based on its importance HINDEX can be calculated using the equation: Fxyi = Number of facility of x th type with y th intensity in habitation i Wxy = Weight for x th facility of y th intensity Contd…

Relative Weights for Facility Variables for Computing HINDEX S. No. FACILITIES Weightages of variables % Wxy for the Group 2 4 6 8 Maximum 1 Population Below 250 251-500 501-1000 1001-2000 Above 2001 16 SC/ST Population Below 25 26-50 51-200 201-300 Above 301 3 Primary School Nil One More than one 34 Middle School 5 High School No Inter/College Yes 7 Vocational School Dispensary 18 9 Maternity Centre 10 PHC 11 Police Station 22 12 Post Office 13 Electrified 14 Panchayat Hqtr. 15 No. of days Market held Two or more days Hilly/coastal Maximum Score 100

Hindex of the Villages

Hindex of the Villages

Growth Centers, Connected and Unconnected Villages Map India-2003

Selection of Optimal Links Major centres are identified Shortest route from a UC village to a nearest facility (GC) centre along the existing route The maximum accessible link has been identified for provision of connectivity Map India-2003

Shortest Path from Unconn-ected Villages to Growth Centers GC-2 GC-1 GC-5 GC-6 GC-3 GC-4 Shortest Path from Unconn-ected Villages to Growth Centers

Optimal Functional Network ( Access benefit-cost ratio) Benefit for a Link Option can be computed using the equation: where, ABijℓ = Benefit derived from the link ℓ Connecting i th Unconnected to j th Connected habitation HINDEXi = Habitation Index for habitation i D2ijℓ = Distance of between ith and jth habitations (ℓ =1 to 3)

Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of the Link Option Where Kℓ = Cost factor of the link option ℓ Lℓ = Length of link option ℓ (to be considered for upgradation or new construction)

Cost factor for various existing specifications of link options S. No. Type of exiting road Suggested value of Kl 1. A new road with three layers of WBM, PMC and seal coat with all CD works 1.00 2. Two layer WBM with major CD 0.25 3. Two layer WBM without major CD 0.40 4. One layer WBM with major CD 0.50 5. One layer WBM without major CD 0.65 6. Gravel Road with CD 0.70 7. Gravel Road without CD 0.75 8. Earthen road with CD 9. Earthen road without CD 0.85

Optimum Network Map India-2003

Details of Existing and Proposed Roads   The existing total road length is about 157.75 Km. Out of which 68.17 Km. length of road network is proposed to connect the 37 unconnected villages in the Block by benefiting about 60989 population.   Map India-2003

Conclusion V&RIS is very much useful for problem identification, planning, allocation and location of various socio-economic facilities for an integral rural development. Useful for creation, maintenance and accessing of the GIS database. Efficient tool for decision making with respect to any rural development programme Using the information available at the road network layer, it will be easy to estimate the construction cost of selected links. Based on the information a Road Maintenance Management System can be developed using the databases, which will sustain the road for a longer time with minimal efforts. Map India-2003

Thank You

 Figure 1. Flow Chart for Village and Road Information System V&RIS Road Reference data Rural Road Inventory Road Geometric details Terrain and soil type & Traffic Road pavement condition & Surface Type Map Data Village Level Data Rural Road Network Planning S. No. Name of Road Road Code Category of Road (ODR/VR/Others) Length (KM) List of Habitations on the Road Road land width (ROW) Roadway width (Formation width) Carriage way width Number of lanes Width of shoulders Extent of cracking Extent of potholes Surface type(BT, WBM/Metal, Gravel, Earthen) General condition of the shoulders Total thickness Thickness of wearing course Thickness of Road base sub-base Terrain type Type of soil CBR Average annual daily traffic Percentage of trucks CD Parameters Type of CD (Pipe/Slab/Causeway) Type of crossing (River, Nala) Type of protection work and condition Total length (water way span) Width (M) Location (Chainage) Number of pipes (in case of pipe culverts) General condition of side drainage Habitation level: Demographic and other facilities details. Survey of India toposheets. Arial photos & Satellite imageries Figure 1. Flow Chart for Village and Road Information System  Map India-2003

Village Level data 