1 REGIONAL GRIDS QUICK FACTS

2 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION INSTALLED CAPACITY NORTHERN :- 34,207 MW EASTERN :- 16,478 MW SOUTHERN :- 36,921 MW WESTERN :- 37,100 MW NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,404 MW TOTAL 127,110 MW REGIONAL GRIDS

3 EASTERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION THE NATIONAL GRID : PHASE 1 ER 500 MW VINDHYACHAL WR-NR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in Nov BIRPARA(ER) – SALAKATI(NER) 220 KV AC LINK in April 87 (400 KV Malda-Boangigaon in April 2000) 500 MW SASARAM WR-NR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in June MW GAZUWAKA ER-SR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in Sep (2 nd pole in March, 2005) 500 MW BHADRAWATI WR-SR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in Sept (2 nd pole in March, 1998) NATIONAL GRID PHASE-1 COMPLETE

4 EASTERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION THE NATIONAL GRID : PHASE II ER 500 MW VINDHYACHAL WR-NR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in Nov BIRPARA(ER) – SALAKATI(NER) 220 KV AC LINK in April 87 (400 KV Malda-Boangigaon in April2000) RAIPUR(WR) – ROURKELA(ER) 400 KV AC D/C Commissioned Mar GORAKHPUR(NR) - MUZZAFARPUR(ER) 400 KV AC D/C Commissioned in Aug MW SASARAM WR-NR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in June MW GAZUWAKA ER-SR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in Sep (2 nd pole in March, 2005) 500 MW BHADRAWATI WR-SR HVDC B2B LINK Commissioned in Sept (2 nd pole in March, 1998) 2000 MW TALCHER(ER)-KOLAR(SR) HVDC LINK comissioned in SEP 2002

5 Inter Regional Links – Current Capacity 2700 MW 1200MW 2000MW 1200 MW 900 MW 33,782 MW 16,680 34,867 MW 36,031 MW MW 1650 MW Present IR Capacity = 11,500 MW

6 By 2007 Inter-regional capacity - 18,400MW Name of the linkCapacity(MW) East-North Patna – Balia 400kV D/c (Quad) 2000 Biharshariff – Balia 400kV D/c (Quad) 2000 Sub-total4000 East-West Ranchi- Sipat 400kV D/c with series compensation 1200 Sub-total1200 East-South Upgradation of Talcher-Kolar HVDC bipole 500 Sub-total500 West-North Gwalior – Agra 765kV S/c (initially ch. at 400kV) 1200 Sub-total1200 Inter-regional capacity – By GRAND TOTAL18400

7 Salakati Bongaigaon Birpara Malda Dehri Sasaram Sahupuri Allahabad North- eastern Eastern Northern Belgaum Kolhapur Budhipadar Rourkela Korba Raipur Auraiya Malanpur Western Southern Balimela Upper Sileru Chandrapur Ramagundam Jeypore Gazuwaka Singrauli Vindhyachal Talcher Kolar Kota Ujjain Inter-regional Links – By 2007 Gorakhpur Muzaffarpur Balia Patna Biharshariff Balia Sipat Ranchi Agra Gwalior Nagjhari Ponda 2100 MW 6650 MW 1200 MW 3650MW 1400 MW 2850 MW

MW 1200 MW 6050 MW 5500 MW 1400 MW 6150 MW 36,700 MW OF INTER- REGIONAL POWER BY 2012 EASTERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11 th PLAN (2012) 4000 MW Eastern Region

9 TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE OWNERSHIPTOTAL CENTRALSTATE Circuit Kilometer kV HVDC 4,3721,5045, kV charged at 400 kV , kV40,85422,60763, kV9,22098,521107, kV*2,15293,12695,278 Total57,515216,167273,682 EHV Infrastructure

10 UTTARANCHAL

11 State Govt. SERC IPPs SGC CPPs STU SLDC Distn Cos. Consumers INDIAN POWER SECTOR - HIERARCHICAL SET UP CEA CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY UNDER CENTRAL GOVT.POWER MINISTRY – PLANNING AND ASSISITING GOVT CERC CENTRAL GENERATING STATION JOINTLY OWNED UNITS CONSTRUCTED BY PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS CENTRAL GOVT. RPC REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEE (FORMERLY REB) – ONE AT EACH REGION SECRETARIAT TO THE ELECTRICITY BOARDS OF THE REGION CTU CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY POWERGRID RLDC REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE – APEX BODY – RUN BY POWERGRID CGS REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE – APEX BODY – RUN BY POWERGRID

12 Ministry of Power, Govt of India MOP, State Govt. Central Sector Companies Generating Utilities- NTPC, NHPC, NEEPCO, NPCIL Transmission Utility- POWERGRID Grid Operator -RLDC Finance- PFC Rural Electrification - REC Authorities CEA R&D CPRI, NPTI, PSTI Mega IPPs State Sector Generation Transmission Distribution State IPPs CERC SERC Appellate Tribunal Trading Co. Pvt. DISCOM Institutional Framework

13 ALL INDIA MARKET COMPOSITION (1,27,110 in 2006) AS on

14 Source wise composition of installed capacity in India ( 1,27,110 in 2006) AS on

15 Coal Hydro Energy Resource Map

16 ALL INDIA GENERATION COMPOSITION Total Market Size = BU Total Installed Capacity 1,27,110 MW

17 Sector wise consumption of electricity in India Total Installed Capacity 1,27,110 MW

18 SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID OVERVIEW

19 SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY ANDHRA PRADESH TAMIL NADU KARNATAKA KERALA POPULATION : CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA) AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA) INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 36,921 MW(29.0%) WEATHER :- South-west monsoon North-east monsoon SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM

20 SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICS ANDHRA PRADESH INSTALLED CAPACITY – 8944 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 8241 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 171 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 142 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -27%, DOM-22%, COMM- 5%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-7% KARNATAKA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 6180 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 5612 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 125 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 95 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -26%, DOM-19%, COMM- 7%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-9% KERALA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 2284 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 2602 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 41 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -34%, DOM-44%, COMM- 13%, IRRI-2%& OTHERS-7% TAMIL NADU INSTALLED CAPACITY – MW MAX DEMAND MET – 8371 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 135 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -39%, DOM-25%, COMM- 7%, IRRI-24% & OTHERS-5%

21 ANDHRA PRADESH POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 719 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID SR STATES – GEOGRAPHY KARNATAKA POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 642 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID KERALA POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 386 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID TAMIL NADU POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 866 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID

22 INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR SUMMARY OF INSTALLED CAPACITY(MW) AS ON AGENCYHYDROTHERMALGAS/DIESELWIND/OTHERSNUCLEARTOTAL ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA KERALA TAMILNADU PONDICHERRY CENTRAL SECTOR IPP TOTAL (30%) (43%) 4599 (13%) 4336 (12%) 880 (2%) (100%)

23 SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR All Figures In MW TOTAL 36,921 MW HYDRO THERMAL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR NAPTHA/GAS/DIESEL

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION A.P KAR TNKER GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW TYPICAL GENERATOR SPREAD IN SR UNIT CAPACITYAPKARKERTNCGSTOTAL THERMAL (500 MW) 2810 THERMAL ( MW) GAS/THERMAL ( MW) HYDRO (>50 MW) TOTAL HYDRO - THERMAL - GAS / NAPTHA - NUCLEAR

CPP/IPP PLANTS IN SOUTHERN REGION A.P KAR TNKER Station NameI/C in MW Variable Cost (Ps) TATA ELECTRIC JINDAL THANNEERBAVI Station NameI/C in MW Variable Cost (Ps) KASARGOD PCL22470 BSES KUTHUNGAL21--- MANIYAR12--- KAYAMKULAM Station NameI/C in MW Variable Cost (Ps) HITEC15 TCPL63.5 GMR VASAVI SAMALPATTY ST-CMS P P NALLUR ABAN11388 MADURAI POWER ARKAY38 Station NameI/C MW Variable Cost (Ps) SIMHADRI BSES VEMAGIRI PGL233 SPECTRUM JEGURUPADU EXT. 220 JEGURUPADU LANCO355125

26 LOAD MW LOAD MW TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR

KHAMMAM VIJAYAWADA NAGARJUNASAGAR GAZUWAKA HYDERABAD RAICHUR GOOTY HOODY SALEM UDUMALPET TRICHUR MADURAI TRICHY MADRAS NEYVELI CUDDAPAH DAVANAGERE RAMAGUNDAM BANGALORE MUNIRABAD P P P P P P P P P P P P P P KOLAR 63 HOSUR 1 60 P NELLORE NELAMANGALA KURNOOL KALPAKKA SIMHADRI HIRIYUR TALAGUPPA MAMIDIPALLY SRI SAILAM -- OF NTPC -- OF ANDHRA PRADESH -- OF TAMIL NADU -- OF NLC -- OF POWERGRID 400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR NEYVELI TPS I (EXP) POWERGRIDSTATEOTHERSTOTAL AP KAR KER 2 2 TN TOTAL TRIVENDRUM NARENDRA VEMAGIRI GMR JEGRUPADU EXTN MEHA BOOB NAGAR CHITTOOR -- OF NPC KAIGA MYSORE -- OF KARNATAKA ALMATHI

28 TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA ABOUT 3000 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS VOLTAGE LEVELAPKARKERTNCGS TOTAL 400 KV /230 KV /110 KV TOTAL

29 TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR WINTER MONSOON SUMMER EVENING PEAK WEATHERCONSUMPTION

30 GRID CONTROL ISSUES & CARDINAL EVENTS

31 GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS –FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION –CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES –SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS –SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES –UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT

32 GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK BLACK-OUT VOLTAGE COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION INSTABILITY POWER SWINGS INCREASED LOSSES

Aug, 2005 By 2007 Inter-regional capacity - 18,400MW

Salakati Bongaigaon Birpara Malda Dehri Sasaram Sahupuri Allahabad North- eastern Eastern Northern Belgaum Kolhapur Budhipadar Rourkela Korba Raipur Auraiya Malanpur Western Southern Balimela Upper Sileru Chandrapur Ramagundam Jeypore Gazuwaka Singrauli Vindhyachal Talcher Kolar Kota Ujjain Inter-regional Links – By 2007 Gorakhpur Muzaffarpur Balia Patna Biharshariff Balia Sipat Ranchi Agra Gwalior Nagjhari Ponda 2100 MW 6650 MW 1200 MW 3650MW 1400 MW 2850 MW

35 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNRE GION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION Three ELECTRICAL REGIONS w.e.f. March 2003

36 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNRE GION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION 1 2 TWO ELECTRICAL REGIONS w.e.f Aug. 2006

37 Components of inter-utility tariff (Pre – ABT Mechanism)  Fixed charges  Interest on loans  Depreciation  O & M charges  Return on equity  Interest on Working Capital  Energy charges (fuel cost)  Incentives  Surcharge & other levies  No charge for reactive energy

38 Components under Availability Based Tariff (ABT)  Capacity charges  Energy charges  Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

39 UI RATE Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection Frequency (Hz)Rate (p/u) Above and below570

40 UI - A RATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC VECTOR  BALANCING MARKET  MERIT ORDER OPERATION  TRANSPARENCY  NEUTRALITY  SIMPLICITY  PRICE SIGNAL EASILY AVAILABLE  NO NEED TO NEGOTIATE ANY PRICE  EASY SETTLEMENT  EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND IMPLEMENT  EASE OF REGULATION

41 RTU SUB LDC SLDC ERLDC WRLDCNRLDCSRLDCNERLDC NLDC 32 Nos. 51 Nos Nos. Unified Grid Operation 5 Nos. National Level Regional Level State HQ Level Group / Distt Level Plant / Sub- Station Level

42 RLDC,Bangalore KalamasseryHyderabad Bangalore Chennai Cuddapah Warangal Vijayawada Kalam’erry Kannur Trivandrum Chennai Erode Madurai Bangalore Lingusugur Hubli CPCC SCC, Pondy Hyderabad Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region Andhra KeralaTamilnaduKarnataka

43 Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control Annual Inter- Regional Energy Transfer ≈10,000MU Transformers (220kV and above) 480 nos. Installed Capacity ≈36031 MW Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities Dynamic Grid Conditions Generators – Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IP P 422 nos. Transmission Network 400/220kV ≈ Ckm 30,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc Transformati on Capacity ≈ MVA

44 GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

45 Kolar Chintamani Cudappah Hoody Hosur Salem Udumalpet Madras B’lore +/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM Electrode Station Electrode Station TALCHER 400kv System 220kv system KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATIC

46 NR-ER SR-ER WR-SR ER-NER EASTERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS(STOA) RATES ( ) WR-ER (3.2) (1.7) (2.2) (1.4) (7.9) (4.6) (2.3) (5.6) (2.3) (1.8) WR-NR Notes: i) The indicated STOA Rates are in Rs./MW/Day. ii) The figures shown in bracket correspond to the indicative STOA Rates in Paise/Unit. (approx.)

47 UI vs STOA market (All regions) 5% UI market 3% STOA market 100% power market 92% long term market

48 DETAILS OF REGION WISE STOA TRANSACTIONS IN

49 Constituent-wise STOA Import/Export Energy 2004 – 05 All figures in MUs 2005 – 06

50

51 KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION GENERATOR MODE PUMP

52 KADAMPARAI ENERGY GENERATED/PUMPED DURING LAST 5 YEARS (MU) MONTHS * GENERATOR MODE PUMP MODE GENERATOR MODE PUMP MODE GENERATOR MODE PUMP MODE APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH TOTAL Note: The plant was under shutdown from 16th Sep 2004 to 28th April 05 for dam maintenance works.

53 KADAMPARAI ENERGY GENERATED/PUMPED DURING LAST 5 YEARS (MU)

54 UI IMPORT BY SR FROM ER ON 12-JUL-06 ER FREQ SR FREQ UI IMPORT FROM ER AMOUNT SAVED FOR SR CONSTITUENTS = 71 LAKHS

55 GENERATING UNITS PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY RESPONCE SHARAVATHI -1 FREQ DROP FROM HZ TO HZ i.e. ~ 0.45HZ

56 LOW DEMAND(VALLEYS) SHARP PEAKS 0000 HRS OF 01 SEP AUG 0630 AUG 0631 AUG 06