and the Presidency of James Monroe

Native Americans and Early Westward Expansion Native Americans increasingly squeezed off their lands Pressure mounted to remove Native Americans Jefferson hoped Native Americans would settle in the Louisiana Purchase Forced removals and treaties

The Battle of Tippecanoe Shawnee resistance to white encroachment Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh Treaty of Ft. Wayne W.H. Harrison’s troops defeated Tenskwatawa in the Battle of Tippecanoe Tecumseh later aligned with the British in the War of 1812

The War of 1812: Origins Tensions with Britain mounted “War Hawks” vs. New Englanders in Congress Madison asked Congress to declare war Britain announced it would repeal its order to seize American ships, but message didn’t reach the U.S. in time War began on June 18th Impressment, depicted here, caused relations between the U.S. and Great Britain to worsen

The Treaty of Ghent Treaty signed in August 1814 American victory at New Orleans, January 1815 All territories remained in the same hands as before the war Tensions between Britain and the U.S. dissolved after the war A painting commemorating the Treaty of Ghent

The War’s Legacy and the Monroe Presidency “Era of Good Feeling” “Elder statesman” Monroe elected in 1816 Monroe had cautious attitude toward governmental powers Henry Clay’s “American System” paved the way for faster western development Agreements with Britain on land claims James Monroe

The Panic of 1819 Economic recession began in 1818 Banks failed; unemployment and foreclosures soared Overspeculation in land; recovery of European agriculture Monroe took small actions Ended by 1823

McCulloch v. Maryland Second Bank of the U.S. had a Baltimore branch Maryland voted to tax the bank Bank head McCulloch refused to pay MD called the bank unconstitutional; sued for payment Supreme Court ruled for federal government (1819): –Constitution’s “necessary and proper” clause allowed bank, though not explicitly stated –States cannot contravene federal laws if laws are constitutional

The Missouri Compromise (cont.) Maine applied for admission MO admitted as a slave state, ME as free Balance in Senate preserved Set 36º30' as boundary between slave and free territories 36º30'

The Monroe Doctrine Stated that the U.S. would defend the Western Hemisphere from European interference Spain, others might try to regain former colonies in Latin America Britain wanted a joint declaration; U.S. made the statement alone Mainly invoked in the 20th century Monroe announces the doctrine to his Cabinet

The Missouri Compromise Question of whether to permit slavery in new states and territories No clear way to determine Missouri’s status Admission as a slave state would skew political balance Tallmadge Amendment defeated in Senate James Tallmadge