III. Social Impact in Europe A.The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities. Cities were home to many industries. People moved from the country to the city to find work. London ’ s population increased from 1 million in 1800 to 2.3 million in 1850.

B.Many inhabitants of these rapidly growing cities lived in miserable conditions. The conditions caused urban social reformers to demand that the cities clean up the conditions.

SECTION 2 The Factory System Lives in Workers ’ Homes

SECTION 2 The Factory System

C.The Industrial Revolution brought about industrial capitalism, an economic system based on industrial production. Industrial capitalism produced the industrial middle class. Industrial middle class built factories and bought machines.

D.Industrial workers faced horrible working conditions, working 12-16hrs a day for 6 days a week. There was no minimum wage. The hot temperatures in the cotton mills were especially harmful.

E.The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 as the minimum age to work. Children from 9 to 13 could work only 8 hours a day; those between 13 and 18 could work only 12 hours. Women and children were paid half or less than men.

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 New Methods and Business Organizations Eli Whitney Used division of labor to make muskets Used division of labor to make muskets Parts were all alike Parts were all alike interchangeable parts interchangeable parts Speedy production of inexpensive muskets Speedy production of inexpensive muskets Easily repaired! Easily repaired!

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 New Methods and Business Organizations Mass Production Producing large numbers of identical items What do you need for Mass Production? Division of labor Use of interchangeable parts An assembly line

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 New Methods and Business Organizations The Assembly Line Parts brought together to one location Carried from worker to worker Saved time and energy

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 New Methods and Business Organizations Henry Ford Used a conveyor belt Used a conveyor belt Founded one of the largest industries in the world Founded one of the largest industries in the world Model T would be assembled in 93 min. Model T would be assembled in 93 min.

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 Rise of the Corporation Sole proprietorship: one person owns and runs the business. Partnership: two or more people own and run a business.

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 Rise of the Corporation Corporations are companies that allows people to buy “ shares of stock ” Corporations are companies that allows people to buy “ shares of stock ” Each shareholder receives a portion of the profits Each shareholder receives a portion of the profits By late 1800s, some corporations were very large and powerful. Such as: J.P. Morgan’s – US Steel By late 1800s, some corporations were very large and powerful. Such as: J.P. Morgan’s – US Steel

Israel and the Occupied Territories SECTION 3 New Methods and Business Organizations Monopoly When a corporation gains COMPLETE CONTROL over the production or sale of a good/or service