Aim: How did changes in the Middle Ages lead to the rise of regional kingdoms in England and France? Do Now: Growth of Royal Power in England and France – do 1,2

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England By 450, Roman rule in Britain ended and Germanic tribes moved into the island

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England The Anglo-Saxons formed several kingdoms and divided them into districts called shires

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Danes overran much of England until Alfred the Great subdued them in 886 Alfred the Great at Winchester

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England By 1013 the Danes regained control of the entire country. King Canute of Denmark took the throne in 1016 "Sea, I command you to come no farther!"

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England By 1042 the Danish line died out; Anglo- Saxon nobles chose Edward the Confessor as king Edward the Confessor (c. 1003 – 5 January 1066)

William the Conqueror 1066 - Edward died without an heir; Duke William of Normandy claimed the throne King William I of England, aka William of Normandy and William the Bastard, was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert of Normandy, France. Though his blood claim to the throne of England was slim, he set his sights on the land once governed by his cousin, Edward the Confessor, and claimed the old king had named him his heir.

The Bayeux Tapestry (c. 1073-83) William the Conqueror When the Anglo-Saxons denied his claim, William defeated them at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066 The Bayeux Tapestry (c. 1073-83)

Feudalism from the “top down” William established a new feudal system – the king held supreme authority, all English lords became vassals of the king

English Government William’s successors made reforms in the government and the financial and legal systems William the Conqueror & his sons & heirs: William Rufus and Henri I, the fourth king is his nephew Stephen of Blois

Government in England The use of Anglo-Saxon officials to assert royal power on the local level The “Domesday Book” (1086) The rule of Henry I (1100-1135) --The Royal Exchequer The rule of Henry II (1154-1189)

Murder of Thomas Becket in 1170 Henry II When King Henry II attempted to try the clergy in royal courts, Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, refused and was murdered Murder of Thomas Becket in 1170

Henry II Judicial reform under Henry II -- “common law” Henry II marries Eleanor of Aquitaine Their subsequent divorce and political turmoil Henry II conquered part of Ireland and made the King of Scotland his vassal

Magna Carta 1215 - King John demanded that nobles pay more taxes. They revolted and forced him to sign the Magna Carta The Great Charter of English liberty granted by King John at Runnymede on June 15, 1215

Read Magna Carta True or False 1. The Magna Carta gave equal rights to everyone. 2. Lords could only be tried by their peers. 3. The Magna Carta provided a fairer system of justice. 4. The Magna Carta endorsed the idea of no taxation without representation.

The Magna Carta: - protected the liberties of the nobles - outlined rights for ordinary citizen - held the king to the same law as the people

1295 Parliament The Parliament grew out of members of the middle class meeting with the clergy and nobles in a Great Council

Common Law Common law - a collection of decisions made by the courts used as the basis for future court verdicts

Rise of Capetian Kings in France 987 - the last Carolingian king died; nobles chose Hugh Capet as king, beginning the Capetians line Hugh Capet (c. 940 – 24 October 996)

Rise of Capetian Kings in France The Capetians developed a strong central government and tried to unite French duchies under a monarch

France Louis IX moral and religious authority Age of scholasticism in Paris Extension of royal justice through “Parlement” Weakness of the Estates-General

Estates General Philip the Fair taxed the clergy and convened the Estates General

End of Capetian Kings in France 1328 - the Capetian dynasty ended without achieving unification; France remained feudal in its political organization