Stalin

I. Totalitarian State I. Totalitarian State A. Five Year Plans A. Five Year Plans 1. Plans focused on heavy industry, transportation, agriculture 1. Plans focused on heavy industry, transportation, agriculture 2. High production goals 2. High production goals 3. Managers punished if goals weren’t met. 3. Managers punished if goals weren’t met. 4. Mixed results 4. Mixed results 5. Standard of living remained low. 5. Standard of living remained low.

B. Collective farms B. Collective farms 1. Peasants forced to work on collectives 1. Peasants forced to work on collectives 2. Resisted by killing animals, burning crops 2. Resisted by killing animals, burning crops 3. Stalin blamed the Kulaks (wealthy farmers) 3. Stalin blamed the Kulaks (wealthy farmers) a. Thousands killed or sent to work camps. a. Thousands killed or sent to work camps. b. Production fell b. Production fell c. Govt. seized all grain, many starved. c. Govt. seized all grain, many starved. d Terror famine- millions died d Terror famine- millions died

C. Stalin’s Terror Tactics C. Stalin’s Terror Tactics 1. Secret police, torture, violent purges used. 1. Secret police, torture, violent purges used. a. Spies, read mail, listening devices, controlled the press. a. Spies, read mail, listening devices, controlled the press. b. Critics, complainers sent to the Gulag (work camps) b. Critics, complainers sent to the Gulag (work camps) 2. The Great Purge a secret police started with Old Bolshevik party members b. Targeted variety of citizens c. Show trials used d. At least 4 million purged

3. Results of the Purge 3. Results of the Purge a. Increased Stalin’s power a. Increased Stalin’s power b. Purged experts in industry, engineering, military, writers, thinkers. b. Purged experts in industry, engineering, military, writers, thinkers.

D. Attempts to Control Thought D. Attempts to Control Thought 1. Propaganda 1. Propaganda a. Used as tool to build up “cult of personality” around himself a. Used as tool to build up “cult of personality” around himself b. Bombarded public with propaganda b. Bombarded public with propaganda c. Radios, loud speakers, movies, theaters, schools used. c. Radios, loud speakers, movies, theaters, schools used. d. Focused on Communist successes/evils of capitalism d. Focused on Communist successes/evils of capitalism 2. Artists/writers required to use socialist realism style. a. Showed communism in positive light. b. Non conformers faced persecution 3. Russification a USSR made up of 11 republics b. Make all cultures more Russian

4. War on Religion 4. War on Religion a. Attempted to destroy religious faith a. Attempted to destroy religious faith b. atheism became official state policy b. atheism became official state policy c.Religious leaders killed/sent to work camps c.Religious leaders killed/sent to work camps d. Writings of Marx and Lenin became “sacred” texts d. Writings of Marx and Lenin became “sacred” texts 5. Society Under Stalin a. New elite emerged as ruling class b. Top-members of Communist party 6. Benefits and Drawbacks a. All children went to school/free medical b. Housing scarce//lacked necessities

7. Women 7. Women a. Women had equality a. Women had equality b. Access to education and work b. Access to education and work c. Worked in medicine, engineering, sciences c. Worked in medicine, engineering, sciences 8. Foreign Policy a. Comintern-Encouraged world-wide revolution b. Brought “Red Scare” in U.S. c. Increased trade with west d. Joined United Nations. 9. Looking Ahead a.Stalin died 1953 b. USSR military superpower c. People lived meager lives