Slide 4- 1 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Introductory Statistics: Exploring the World through Data, 1e by Gould and Ryan Reading Quiz 2: Sections 1.3 and 1.4

True or False: Two-way tables show how many times each combination of categories occurs. A. True B. False Slide 4- 2 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: People who receive the treatment of interest (or have the characteristic of interest) are said to be in the control group. A. True B. False Slide 4- 3 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

Which of the following methods is suitable for making making conclusions about cause-effect relationships? A. Anecdotes. B. Observational studies. C. Controlled experiments. D. All of the above. Slide 4- 4 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: A single observational study can conclude only that there is an association between the treatment variable and the outcome variable. A. True B. False Slide 4- 5 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: In a controlled experiment, researchers take control by assigning subjects to the control or treatment group. A. True B. False Slide 4- 6 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

Which of the following is (are) key feature(s) of a well-designed controlled experiment A. The sample size must be large enough to observe the full range of variability. B. The subjects of the study must be assigned to the groups randomly. C. The study should use a placebo if possible. D. All of the above Slide 4- 7 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: A large sample size ensures that the study captures the full range of variation among the population and allows small differences to be noticed. A. True B. False Slide 4- 8 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: Random assignment of subjects to treatment or control groups maximizes bias. A. True B. False Slide 4- 9 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: Double-blind means neither subjects nor researchers know who is in which group. A. True B. False Slide © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter

True or False: If it’s an observational study, then you can’t conclude that the treatment caused the observed outcome. A. True B. False Slide © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Response Counter