Solution Concentrations & Preparation

Defining a Solution Solutions: are __________ mixtures that contain at least one ______ and one _______. Homogeneous mixtures: have the same uniform _________ and _________ throughout. Heterogeneous mixtures: have ______ ______ substances or phases.

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? Air Antifreeze Vinegar Orange juice Red wine Household hydrogen peroxide Gasoline Milk

Classifying Solutions By phase ______ in liquid ______ in gas ______ in solid By Solvent Aqueous Polar/Non-polar By Conductivity ______conductivity Nonconductive By pH Acid _____ Neutral

Solute-solution __________ attractive forces must be _____to or stronger than solute-solute and solution- solution. ______Solvents (e.g.Water) Dipole-dipole _________ Non-polar solvents Induced dipole only ____dissolves ____! Explaining Solutions

Solution Concentration Concentration A ratio of the amount of _____in a given solution Concentration (c) = quantity of _____ quantity of _______

Solution Concentration Percent Concentration By ________(% V/V) ______by ______(% W/V) By _______(% W/W) Parts per… ____ ppb Molar Concentrations Mol/L

Percent by Volume c = Ex. Vinegar is as 5.00% acetic acid by volume. How many mL of pure acetic acid is there in a 750 mL bottle of vinegar? c CH3COOH = v solute 750mL 5mL = v solute 100mL 750mL v solute = (5mL) (750mL) 100mL v solute = _________ Make sure when you are showing your concentrations as a percent to include %V/V.

Percent Weight by Volume c = Ex. A company wants to make 3.00% W/V hydrogen peroxide. They have 70g of pure hydrogen peroxide. How many L of solution would they need? c H2O2 = 70g v solution 3g = 70g 100mL v solution v solution = (70g) (100mL) 3g v solution = _______ = _____ Make sure when you are showing your concentrations as a percent to include %W/V. Therefore,

Percent by Weight c = Ex. A small bronze statue is made of 23g of tin and 216g of copper. What is the percent concentration by weight of tin in this statue? c tin = m solute x100% m solution c tin = 23g x100% 239g c tin = _________

Parts per… Can be used to represent a weight by ________ratios and weight by ________ratios: 1ppm = 1g/_____ 1g/1000L 1mg/L 1mg/1kg 1___/g

Parts per… The average concentration of BPA in humans is 0.02ppm. What is the mass of BPA that could be in a 75kg individual? c BPA = m solute m solution m solute = (0.02mg) (75kg) kg m solute = Therefore,

Molar Concentrations Molar concentration (M) = Ex. Your experiment yields moles of sodium hydroxide in a 0.550L solution. What is the concentration of NaOH? M NaOH = n NaOH v solution (L) M NaOH = 0.235mol 0.55L M NaOH =__________ Therefore the concentration would be ________

Molar Concentrations Ex. You will require 750mL of 0.250mol/L CuSO 4 for your next experiment. What mass of solid CuSO 4 will you need? C CuSO4 = C CuSO4 = n CuSO L 0.250mol = n CuSO4 L 0.750L n CuSO4 = (0.250mol) (0.750L) L n CuSO4 = _________

Molar Concentrations Ex. Your will require 750mL of 0.250mol/L CuSo 4 for your next experiment. What mass of solid CuSO 4 will you need? (cont.) n CuSO4 = 0.19mol n CuSO4 = m CuSO4 MM CuSO4 MM CuSO4 = 0.19mol = m CuSO4 ________ m CuSO4 = (0.19mol) (161.7g/mol) = g =_________

For future connections Molar concentration is also referred to as _________(M). A solution labeled 1M would be referred to as “one molar” and would have a _______of 1mol/L

Homework Due for Tuesday: pg 284#1,2-5, 7 pg 287# 11,12 pg 288# 17 pg 290# 21, 22