Chapter 2 Building Blocks of Cells

Chapter 2 Building Block of Cells Link to the Web Site for Carbohydrates, Lips, Proteins and Nucleic Acid _83fttjnbcvhttp://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dcpk9cft _83fttjnbcv Cell use Carbohydrates for: –Structural material –Provide quick energy –Storage of energy

Lipids Greasy or Oily compounds Do not dissolve in water –But dissolve in non-polar solvents Example ether Can be used as means of storage for energy –Think about the fat we have on our body Two Types –With fatty Acids –Without Fatty Acids Fatty acid is long hydrocarbon chain –COOH at one end (See page 29) Examples are –glycerides, phospholipids & waxes

Glycerides We are going to break the three types down First type glycerides Body's most abundant lipid Most abundant source of energy storage –Show students Figure 2.21 on Page 21 Saturated fats –Butter & Lard –Solid at room temperature –Single C-C Bond Unsaturated –Oils –Liquid at room temperature –One or more double bonds between C=C

Phospholipids Second type is phospholipids Structural component of all cell membranes Made up of: –Glycerol backbone –Two fatty acid tails –Hydrophilic head What is Hydrophilic?

Waxes Help keep hair and skin –Protected, lubricated and pliable What is pliable Help repel water from feathers

Proteins Large Organic molecules made up of: –Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen & *Sulfur The form parts of the cell membrane Help build muscles, bone, huffs and claws Food that have Proteins include: –Meat, eggs, fish, nuts, & beans

Protein Structure Proteins are made of 20 or more different kinds of amino acids Definition of Amino Acid: –Small organic compound that has a amino group, acid group, hydrogen atom and one or more atoms called the R group

Protein Structure The way amino acids combine to form different proteins –A change in one of the combinations changes the protein Example: –If we take and change one letter of the word Mice and change the M to R we have Rice –This is a new protein Even in a change in the order will result a different protein Enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

Nucleic Acids Large organic molecules that are made of –Carbon oxygen, Hydrogen and Phosphorus Contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life –These instructions are like the computer instructions that allow us to use the computer for any application Two types –Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Genetic info that is passed form parent to child Found in the Chromatin –Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) plays an important role in proteins –Found in the cytoplasm

Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids has three parts –Five-carbon sugar –A phosphate group –Nitrogen-containing base Double stranded molecule –Twisted helically –Held together by hydrogen bonds ATP has three phosphate groups connected –More importantly: Adenine is attached to Thymine Guanine is attached to Cytosine