Social Change During the 1920s

Political Change  Robert Borden  Conservative Prime Minister who helped Canada become independent from Britain  Robert Borden  Conservative Prime Minister who helped Canada become independent from Britain

Political Change  Arthur Meighen  Helped write the Military Service bill Conscription  Replaced Borden when he resigned  Workers, farmers, immigrants, and Quebecers did not like him much…  Arthur Meighen  Helped write the Military Service bill Conscription  Replaced Borden when he resigned  Workers, farmers, immigrants, and Quebecers did not like him much…

Political Change  William Mackenzie King  Known as a social reformer who supported labour groups AND free trade  Believed in workers compensation and E.I.  William Mackenzie King  Known as a social reformer who supported labour groups AND free trade  Believed in workers compensation and E.I.

Prohibition  Between 1915 and 1917, every province except Quebec outlawed the sale and consumption of alcohol  In USA: prohibition from federally  In Canada: most gave up by mid-1920s  Created wave of crime, laws were hard to enforce uqCYoL4  Between 1915 and 1917, every province except Quebec outlawed the sale and consumption of alcohol  In USA: prohibition from federally  In Canada: most gave up by mid-1920s  Created wave of crime, laws were hard to enforce uqCYoL4

Prohibition  Samuel Bronfman & Seagram  Founded the Canada Pure Drug Company so that he could import alcohol from Europe for “medicinal purposes” (it was smuggled into USA)  Made millions. Became legitimate company after prohibition and their empire still exists today (sports teams, charity foundations, real estate, etc.)  Samuel Bronfman & Seagram  Founded the Canada Pure Drug Company so that he could import alcohol from Europe for “medicinal purposes” (it was smuggled into USA)  Made millions. Became legitimate company after prohibition and their empire still exists today (sports teams, charity foundations, real estate, etc.)

Flappers/Jazz G. Marconi  Established the first radio station in Canada (Montreal) G. Marconi  Established the first radio station in Canada (Montreal)

Flappers/Jazz  Jazz was the “hot new music” that defined the Roaring Twenties  Created by African-American musicians in Louisiana  Popular on radio, gramophone recordings, and live bands  Jazz was the “hot new music” that defined the Roaring Twenties  Created by African-American musicians in Louisiana  Popular on radio, gramophone recordings, and live bands

Flappers/Jazz  Dance crazes of the new music:  Charleston, Black Bottom, Lindy  v=yNAOHtmy4j0 v=yNAOHtmy4j0  Dance crazes of the new music:  Charleston, Black Bottom, Lindy  v=yNAOHtmy4j0 v=yNAOHtmy4j0

Flappers/Jazz  Flappers  Fashionable young women who defied old conventions of proper “feminine” behavior  Danced at nightclubs  Wore beaded dresses that went only to the knee!  Cut hair in to “boyish” bobs  Smoked in public, drank alcohol AND drove their own cars  Flappers  Fashionable young women who defied old conventions of proper “feminine” behavior  Danced at nightclubs  Wore beaded dresses that went only to the knee!  Cut hair in to “boyish” bobs  Smoked in public, drank alcohol AND drove their own cars

Immigration Immigration Act of 1919 o Preferred list of nationalities = white English-speaking Britons/Americans = northern Europeans o Bottom of the list = Asians, Blacks, Gypsies, Jews Immigration Act of 1919 o Preferred list of nationalities = white English-speaking Britons/Americans = northern Europeans o Bottom of the list = Asians, Blacks, Gypsies, Jews

Immigration Railway Agreement in 1925 o Allowed railway companies to recruit workers from many undesirable countries o Chinese and Black Americans were NOT allowed o Very few Japanese were allowed, 150 per year Railway Agreement in 1925 o Allowed railway companies to recruit workers from many undesirable countries o Chinese and Black Americans were NOT allowed o Very few Japanese were allowed, 150 per year

Residential Schools  Wanted Native peoples assimilated in to white culture  Outlawed Native language, culture, and traditions like the potlatch  Underfunded schools ran by church leaders  Known for poor conditions (diet, sanitation, healthcare)  Many children physically and sexually abused  Wanted Native peoples assimilated in to white culture  Outlawed Native language, culture, and traditions like the potlatch  Underfunded schools ran by church leaders  Known for poor conditions (diet, sanitation, healthcare)  Many children physically and sexually abused

Residential Schools  Long-lasting generational effects :  Alcoholism  Molesting of own family members  Breakdown of the family  Loss of language & culture  Long-lasting generational effects :  Alcoholism  Molesting of own family members  Breakdown of the family  Loss of language & culture

Women & The Vote  Emily Murphy, Louise McKinney & the “Famous Five”  Took the “Persons Case” all the way to the Supreme Court and the British Privy Council in London to allow women to hold positions in an appointed office (public) example: to be a senator  Emily Murphy, Louise McKinney & the “Famous Five”  Took the “Persons Case” all the way to the Supreme Court and the British Privy Council in London to allow women to hold positions in an appointed office (public) example: to be a senator

Mass Consumption = a shopping, consumer society Mass Media: Advertisements, catalogues, radio, billboards, magazines

Mass Consumption Eaton’s  Was a catalogue company like Sears is today  Could buy time-saving items like washing machines and toasters Eaton’s  Was a catalogue company like Sears is today  Could buy time-saving items like washing machines and toasters

Mass Consumption Automobiles  More people owned vehicles and demanded better roadways  Tourism increased greatly  Provided jobs Automobiles  More people owned vehicles and demanded better roadways  Tourism increased greatly  Provided jobs

Mass Consumption Radio  Seen as American cultural invasion, but many Canadians liked the music, comedy, soap operas, and preaching Radio  Seen as American cultural invasion, but many Canadians liked the music, comedy, soap operas, and preaching

Group of Seven/Emily Carr  Well known artists for their style of Canadian Identity and landscapes  Tom Thomson  Well known artists for their style of Canadian Identity and landscapes  Tom Thomson A commercial artist who had a group of friends whose new styles of painting the Canadian landscape inspired other artists like Emily Carr