Unit 8 The English Civil War

The Stuarts Cousins from Scotland Political issues Believed in divine right and absolutism in a country with a history of limited monarchy (Magna Carta 1215) Believed in divine right and absolutism in a country with a history of limited monarchy (Magna Carta 1215) Religious issues Had to deal with the Puritans in England that wanted to rid the Anglican Church of its Roman Catholic influence Had to deal with the Puritans in England that wanted to rid the Anglican Church of its Roman Catholic influence Always seen as sympathetic to the Roman Catholic faith Always seen as sympathetic to the Roman Catholic faith

James I ( ) Had been James VI King of Scotland for 35 years Well educated but lacked the “common touch” Lavish court, male lovers and extravagant spending weakened respect for the monarchy Would not work with Parliament Authored The Trew Law of Free Monarchy.Puritans begin leaving for the New World

Charles I ( ) More personable than his father but still believed completely in Divine Right 11 years without parliament 11 years without parliament Imprisoned his enemies without a trial Wife was a R.C. but he was a devout Anglican

The Petition of Right In 1628 he is forced to sign the Petition of Right by Parliament which had refused him funds to fight the Spanish and French He had to stop the following abuses No forced loans or taxation without consent of Parliament No forced loans or taxation without consent of Parliament No imprisonment for freedmen without just cause No imprisonment for freedmen without just cause No quartering troops in private home No quartering troops in private home He then simply ignored this document and did not call parliament for 11 years

The English Civil War ( ) Begins with a disagreement over who should put down a Roman Catholic rebellion in Ireland in October of 1641 (King or Parliament) Charles decided to invade Parliament and arrest the leaders of the Puritans Charles decided to invade Parliament and arrest the leaders of the Puritans The House of Commons (mostly Puritans) raised its own army and the battle for control of England had begun The House of Commons (mostly Puritans) raised its own army and the battle for control of England had begun

The Course of the War Parliament: supporters were called the Roundheads and were mostly puritans Military leader Oliver Cromwell reorganized the Parliamentary army (cavalry) into the New Model Army and allied with the Scots Military leader Oliver Cromwell reorganized the Parliamentary army (cavalry) into the New Model Army and allied with the Scots The King: Supporters known as Royalists or Cavaliers 1469 Cromwell wins and Charles I is executed ( the Interregnum)

Cromwell and the Protectorate Cromwell subdues Ireland and Scotland Returns in 1653 and ruled as Lord Protector until his death in 1658 Basically a military dictatorship He was intolerant of Anglicans and placed Puritanical laws on all of England No sports, theater, drunkenness etc.. No sports, theater, drunkenness etc..

The restoration of Charles II ( ) Known as the “” was invited to rule because the country was tired of military rule and the economy had suffered while Cromwell fought his many wars Known as the “Merry Monarch” was invited to rule because the country was tired of military rule and the economy had suffered while Cromwell fought his many wars He fails to answer the 2 most important questions He fails to answer the 2 most important questions What is the governments position towards the Puritans (religion) What was the position of the King relative to the Parliament (politics)

James II ( ) Formerly James Duke of York brother of the King Had re-married to a Roman Catholic and had converted Had re-married to a Roman Catholic and had converted Granted religious freedom to all Christians Granted religious freedom to all Christians Seemed to be reviving the absolutism of his father and grandfather Seemed to be reviving the absolutism of his father and grandfather

The Glorious Revolution Parliament had hoped that James II would die leaving the throne his daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange June 20, 1688 James II’s wife gave birth to a son and the Parliament took action and invited William of Orange to “invade” England William arrived in November of 1688 and was received without opposition by the English people James fled to France and the throne was declared vacant

William III and Mary II ( ) January of 1689 they begin ruling as dual monarchs The English Bill of Rights No R.C. can become ruler of England Limited the power of the monarchy King subject to law. Can’t interfere in Parliamentary proceedings Protected the liberties of English citizens Toleration Act of 1689 (protestants only)