Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Monarchs Clash with Parliament (James I took over after Elizabeth died; his son, Charles I, takes over when he dies.) The English kings both clash with Parliament over money and power. Charles I signs the Petition of Right, which gave the idea that the law was higher than the king (he wasn’t an absolute monarch). Charles I dissolves Parliament when it opposes him and makes the English people pay fines & fees to get money.

English Civil War Charles I recalls Parliament to raise money to fight the Scots, but Parliament is bitter from being dissolved earlier starts passing laws limiting royal power. A civil war is fought between supporters of King Charles, Royalists or Cavaliers, and supporters of Parliament, Puritans or Roundheads. The Puritans, led by Oliver Cromwell, win the civil war. Charles I is publicly tried and executed; Cromwell rules as a dictator.

Restoration and Revolution (When Cromwell dies, people are sick of military rule, so they ask Charles II, son of Charles I, to rule.) During Charles II’s reign, Parliament passed habeas corpus, which said a prisoner needed to be brought in front of a judge to decide if imprisonment was legal. James II (Charles’ Catholic brother) takes over; he gets rid of Parliament (again). William and Mary (James’ daughter) are invited by Parliament to overthrow James in the Glorious Revolution.

Political Changes Under William and Mary, England becomes a constitutional monarchy (where laws limit the ruler’s power). Parliament drafts a Bill of Rights, limiting royal power. The cabinet, set up as a link between Parliament and the monarchy, becomes the center of power and creates the prime minister. (This is the system of English government that continues today.)

Activity Create a game the reviews this section, the chapter, or even the entire semester. The game must have rules. Classmates must be able to play the game. Use your imagination to be creative.