The English Civil War

HENRY VIII Henry VIII creates the Church of England (WHY?) with Parliament’s help Henry VIII is married 6 times (has 3 surviving children - Mary, Elizabeth, Edward) Upon his death, Edward takes the throne (very Protestant!)

After Edward dies, Mary becomes queen of England (very Catholic!) Mary dies without an heir; Elizabeth (Protestant) becomes queen

Queen Elizabeth I Makes England a Protestant country Solidifies ties to Scotland & Ireland Made England one of the most powerful nations in Europe

England’s Religious Rollercoaster! Henry VIII - Catholic Henry VIII- Protestant Edward VI - Protestant Queen Mary-Catholic Elizabeth I- Protestant

Queen Elizabeth I Makes England a Protestant country Solidifies ties to Scotland & Ireland Made England one of the most powerful nations in Europe

Pretty cool that I’m James VI of Scotland AND James I of England! When Elizabeth dies, the Tudor Dynasty ends (why?) James (VI) I of Scotland (her cousin) becomes king; begins the Stuart Dynasty Trouble ahead….

James I Trouble started when James I took the throne after Elizabeth died Believed he had divine right His greatest weakness: always asking Parliament for money to fund his extravagant lifestyle ; What is Parliament? Parliament and the people were not always happy with his foreign policy

James I & Religion James was head of church and state The Puritans felt there was still too much Catholic influence in the Church of England and wanted to “purify” it James refused reforms except for new translation of bible James felt criticism of the church meant you were not a loyal subject and you should leave The Acts of Uniformity: Required conformity to Anglican rituals in ALL churches Further strains the relationship between the Protestant King & his Catholic subjects…

Charles I (1625-1649)

Charles I & Abuse of Power Charles I, Son of James, he also believed in divine right, opposed Puritans and married a Catholic Repeatedly asked Parliament for money When a request for money was denied he: Put areas under martial law Dissolved Parliament Quartered troops in private homes The Acts of Uniformity: Required conformity to Anglican rituals in ALL churches Further strains the relationship between the Protestant King & his Catholic subjects…

Charles I & Abuse of Power Parliament got fed up and the next time the king asked for money, they made him sign the Petition of Right Said the King WILL NOT: Imprison unlawfully House troops in private homes Pass taxes without Parliament’s approval Charles signed it to get his money…but then ignored it & dissolved Parliament again! Ruled for 11 years as an absolute ruler! The Acts of Uniformity: Required conformity to Anglican rituals in ALL churches Further strains the relationship between the Protestant King & his Catholic subjects…

Charles I & Religion Charles persecuted Puritans Thousands of Puritans went on to seek religious freedom in the American colonies Charles further angered Scotland when he tried to force Anglican prayer on them They were prepared to defend their freedom… The Acts of Uniformity: Required conformity to Anglican rituals in ALL churches Further strains the relationship between the Protestant King & his Catholic subjects…

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR The English Civil War

Beginnings of War The Scots invaded England and the Irish rebelled over the practice of land grants Charles was in desperate need of money He was forced to call Parliament back and they were determined to limit his power Charles refused to agree to their demands and both sides prepared for war! The Acts of Uniformity: Required conformity to Anglican rituals in ALL churches Further strains the relationship between the Protestant King & his Catholic subjects…

English Civil War Cavaliers - those who supported Charles I; nobles and landowners from north Roundheads - supporters of Parliament and Puritans; came from south Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell 4 yrs of conflict Parliament won and Charles was executed The Acts of Uniformity: Required conformity to Anglican rituals in ALL churches Further strains the relationship between the Protestant King & his Catholic subjects…

The Beheading of Charles I

Oliver Cromwell Rules After Charles I was executed the Monarchy & the House of Lords were abolished Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of England Cromwell placed England under military rule…

Oliver Cromwell Rules Crushed the Irish rebellion Strict morality – abolished theater, sporting events, drinking, dancing, & even Christmas celebrations! When he died, people wanted a change & restored the monarch under Charles II

Representative gov’t and individual rights would be a main focus and no more absolute monarchies would reign!!!

Horrible Histories English Civil War Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl0LL6yWGRU English Civil War News Report http://moodle.llanishen.cardiff.sch.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=5273