Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia The Five Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Biology Warm Up Today’s WarmUp Please read the WarmUp guidelines on your table Keep this paper in your binder. It is part of your binder check on Monday. Today’s WarmUp One system for classifying living organisms identifies five kingdoms of living things. On your paper list what those five kingdoms might be. For each kingdom list the defining characteristics of the group. Be sure that every living thing fits into one of your kingdoms.

1. Monera Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful, some harmful, consumers They need water, oxygen and appropriate temperature to survive Most feed on dead plants & animals Most do not move (non-motile) Asexual reproduction by binary fission (12) Sexual reproduction by conjugation

1. Monera Prokaryotic: simplest life forms cell membrane and cytoplasm, no membrane-bound organelles. (organisms with membrane-bound organelles, like a nucleus, are called eukaryotes). Modern classification splits this kingdom in two

Cell Parts cytoplasm cell membrane cell wall some have flagella Cell Shapes Round (coccus, cocci) Rod-Shaped (bacillus, bacilli) Spiral (spirillum, spirilli)

Different Types of Bacteria

2. Protista Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic, most live in water PROTOZOA – animal-like, one-celled, move, consumers (don’t make food) ALGAE – plant-like, most one-celled, have chlorophyll, producers (make food) SLIME MOLDS – fungus-like, one-celled, have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage), consumers Amoeba Examples

Kingdom PROTISTA

3. Fungi Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms Most have large cells and many nuclei Fungi have cell walls made of chitin They are consumers, and grow in dark moist places

Kingdom FUNGI

4. Plantae Many-celled, eukaryotic Have cell walls made of cellulose Contain chlorophyll, they are producers (make their own food though photosynthesis) Live in both aquatic & land environments Plants do not move (usually) Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs, flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)

Kingdom PLANTAE

5. Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Consumers (cannot do photosynthesis) No cell wall

5. Animalia Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum) Poriferans Coelenterates Platyheminthes Nematodes Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

Phylum: Porifera (Sponges)

1. Porifera (Sponges) Simple organisms 2 cell layers No head or mouth, no organs Porous body with stiff skeleton Attached to underwater surfaces Live in fresh water and salt water No symmetry

Phylum Coelenterata

2. Coelenterata (jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals) 2 cell layers Tentacles around the mouth Tentacles have stinging cells Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity Have radial symmetry Most live in salt water

Phylum Platyhelminthes

3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) (flukes, tapeworms, planarians) 3 cell layers Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms) Many live in the ocean (planarians) Exhibit bilateral symmetry

Phylum Nematoda

4. Nematoda (Round Worms) (hookworms, pinworms, trichinae) Have tubular body Have digestive tract with 2 openings Live mainly in the soil, water or animal tissues Reproduce sexually Exhibit bilateral symmetry

Phylum Annelida

5. Annelida (Segmented Worms) (earthworms, sandworms, leeches) 3 cell layers Segmented body with pair of bristles on each segment Have circulatory, digestive & nervous systems (breathe through skin) Move by contracting circular and longitudinal muscles

Phylum Molluska

6. Mollusca (snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids) 3 distinct body parts Head-foot Heart and organs Mantle Have soft body protected by 1 shell, 2 shells or no shell Live in fresh or salt water, or on land

Phylum Arthropoda

7. Arthropoda Have jointed legs, segmented bodies & exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry They live in the water, land and air The 5 major classes include: 1. Crustaceans (Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp) 2. Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts (Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions) 3. Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts (Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies) 4. Centipedes & 5. Millipedes

Phylum Echinodermata

8. Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers) Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton Have “tube feet” Live in salt water on ocean bottom Exhibit radial symmetry

Phylum Chordata

9. Chordata All chordates have: Gill slits (they stay or disappear) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum All chordates have: Gill slits (they stay or disappear) Notochord (supporting rod of tissue along the back) Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back) Most chordates have a back bone (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals) Some chordates do not have a back bone (Tunicates and Lancelets) Classes

Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are covered by scales, and are cold-blooded Amphibians – live in moist environment, in or near water, or on land for short periods, have thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded Reptiles – live on land, breath through lungs, have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded 5 Classes Birds – live on land & over H2O, have feathers, fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded Mammals – live on land and in or near water, have hair, fur, females have mammary glands that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth).