Oregon State University IPPC Online Programs: IPM Decision Support Tools Paul Jepson & Leonard Coop Integrated Plant Protection Center Oregon State University

Specific DSS Products ** Weather-driven pest models –Phenology (degree-day) models –Disease risk models ** PNW Pest Control Handbooks Caneberry IPM Phenology: Conservation BioControl – 2007 Pest Alert Systems, IPM Portal, Peppermint DSS (all highlighted around 2003)

PNW Online Pest Management Handbooks Evolved from print-only handbooks (pub. since 1970s) Online Plant Disease Guide developed and maintained by Jay Pscheidt & Cindy Ocamb (OSU) – in a SQL database, delivered via Coldfusion since ca Online Weed and Insect Books – conversion and online publishing by IPPC, evolving features, very little outside support (ca. 20K )

Online access – 10x growth in 2 years –Handbook: 1 st online – –Insects200313,99941,553 80,011 –Weeds200220,28042,922299,618 –Plant Diseases199635,97739,894308,656 –Total --70, ,369688,286

Original vision/prototype: 1998

2005: MSDS links

Insects: Ken Gray Photo Collection

Search engines: highlight matches

Online Weed handbook: new Weed ID Collection, several extra chapters

PNW Online Pest Management Handbooks Vision developed in 1998: we are very close today Automated publishing process (RTFtoHTML, custom Perl scripts) Four-way navigation: TOC, search, pulldown menus, previous/next page ID photos: now all 3 handbooks WEEDS: 718 links to 527 photos; INSECTS: 3,542 links to photos New 2005: links from pesticides to MSDS pages/pesticide labels: e.g. INSECTS: 2154 links INSECTS: 1,000+ in context links to related web sites (checked and updated yearly) Usage: 10-fold increases Print version publication continues: ca. 1,800 pages total

Online IPM Handbook Issues Weed, insect, disease pests not yet truly integrated in print or online (could integrate via a search engine – not yet implemented) Scrolling gets tedious Size of print edition limits adding more IPM info Ken Gray insect slide collection needs updating Late release of online Weed and Insect versions (June – August). My goal: May 1st Weed Handbook - related websites not yet incorporated Weed Handbook – herbicide selection expert system in development

Degree-day calculator and models integrated with 6,300+ weather stations

Online Weather Data from IPPC - history Today (April 5th, 2006) is the 10 th anniversary of the website “bootstrap” era – initial products for Oregon converted from Pascal DOS programs into AWK PNW 3-state era, some Areawide Codling Moth funding, initial WR IPM funding WR IPM grants, support OR grower networks and disease models, 5 state NW region (900+ weather stations, 45 pest models) 2004-present Focus on plant disease models, expand to national status (2006: stations, 49 pest models), NPDN funding Focus on forecasting for disease models, NRI Plant Biosecuity funding

Len Coop - IPPC, Oregon State University Christopher Daly, Director, Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University Alan Fox – Foxweather, LCC Gary Grove - Washington State University Doug Gubler – University California Paul Jepson – Director, IPPC, Oregon State University Ken Johnson – Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University Walter Mahaffee – USDA-ARS William Pfender – USDA-ARS Fran Pierce - Director, Center for Precision Agricultural Systems, Washington State University Joyce Strand - University of California - Information Systems Manager and Meteorologist Carla S. Thomas -National Plant Diagnostic Network, University California W IPMC Weather Workgroup

PRISM International Climate Mapping Western Canada Pacific Basin China Taiwan Mongolia European Alps Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity Maps: all maps are state-of- the-art, and are used as the standard for evaluation of other methods

PRISM Knowledge Base Elevation influence on climate Terrain-induced climate transitions (topographic facets, moisture index) Coastal effects Two-layer atmosphere and topographic index Orographic effectiveness of terrain Persistence of climatic patterns (climatically-aided interpolation)

Oregon Annual Precipitation Mean Annual Precipitation, Full PRISM Model Max ~ 3300 mm Simple distance interpolation Max ~ 7900 mm

Daily Online Degree-Day Maps: 48 contiguous states

At a glance: current, normal, deviations Jan 1 to date

Now available nation-wide e.g. 50 Degree threshold – Pennsylvania Jan. 1 – June 13, 2005

Degree-day/Phenology Calc./Model Usage – PNWPEST.ORG Example Oct24 ================================================================================ Degree-Day Calculator generic codling moth [apple & pear] fire blight [apple & pear]

Hood River, OR – tree fruit 1. 2 km resolution m resolution m res. - online DD mapping tool

Prototype Products in Development 1. DPEP (Date of Phenological Event Prediction) maps

Prototype Products in Development 2. Generic disease risk models – initially for NPDN epidemiologists

Products in Development 3. Site specific forecast models GFS forecast model (up to 10 days) -> CALMET + MtnRTemps -> FL Leaf Wetness (orig. Kim et al. - Iowa State) -> numerous plant disease risk models at ca 2 KM resolution

Conclusions IPM decision making resides with the grower: decision aids need to be resolved to the field/farm scale Advanced climate analysis is an effective starting point for development of tools and services Development model in OR, PNW, West, has recruited large numbers of growers, and is evolving Plant disease models, supported by improved forecasting, are in development; some released W IPM C Weather Workgroup is focusing on standards, quality control, and delivery of comprehensive regional and national services GIS-based tools offer scope for integration of other IPM decision tools relating to diagnostics, IPM options, and spatially resolved risk and risk mitigation factors