Early European Exploration

I. Age of Exploration in Europe A.Middle Ages: 1.Catholic Church: ONLY stable organization that kept order 2.Crusades: a. Church called on ordinary Europeans to go to Holy Land to fight the spread of Islam b. Crusaders came home with LUXURY GOODS from mid-east c. Increased demand for luxury goods from mid east 3.Silk Road: a. demand for mid-east/ Asian goods lead to increased trade along silk road. b. Robbery, and High tolls on silk road= EXPENSIVE GOODS

I. Age of Exploration in Europe B.Renaissance Period: 1. time period of renewed interest in education, art, technology in Europe 2. new tech. in sea navigation led to exploration for new TRADE ROUTES TO ASIA!! a. Compass b. Astrolabe c. Triangular Sails d. “Caravel” Sailing ships

I. Age of Exploration in Europe A.Goal of Exploration: an ALL-WATER ROUTE TO ASIA 1.Why? Silk rd was too dangerous/expensive 2.Competition between Euro. Nations- 1 st to find it gets to control trade! 3.Who did what? a. Chris Columbus- tried to sail WEST to Asia -found America instead (thought it was INDIA) -made 4 trips -THIS GAVE SPAIN ITS CLAIM TO NEW WORLD b. John Cabot- GAVE ENGLAND ITS CLAIM TO NEW WORLD c. Giovanni Da Verrazano- GAVE FRANCE ITS CLAIM TO NEW WORLD

II. Colonization of the New World A.Each European nation that laid claim to New World wanted to plant COLONIES here: 1. allowed mother country to expand religion 2. gave mother country access to riches 3. were used as bases for armies

II. Colonization of the New World B.3 types of Colonies in New World 1. Plantation Colony: a. Large farms that produced CASH CROPS for PROFIT b. Used Slave Labor (native, or African) c. Found in Caribbean, South America, Southeastern N. Amer. 2. Trading post Colony: a. Outposts for trading with Native Americans b. Traded Euro. goods for furs and fish 3. Settler Colony: a. Attracted Europeans to settle in new world b. Often, rejects from the home country would come c. Why? To give home country foothold in america

II. Colonization of the New World C. Each European nation had different patterns of colonization: 1. Spain: a. Spain kept tight control of colonies b. Often plantation colonies c. Natives- used as slaves d. South/Central America, Southeast

II. Colonization of the New World 2. France: a. France kept looser control of colonies b. Spread Catholicism to natives c. Traded with natives (fur) d. Canada, Central North America

II. Colonization of the New World 3. English a. ruled by REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLIES b. Often plantation or settler colonies c. Natives often driven away or enslaved d. Eastern North America

III. The Spanish Come to SC A.Francisco Gordillo 1.First European to set foot on SC coast (WINYAH BAY?) 2.Year: Took Natives and sold them as slaves a. One of the slaves was renamed “CHICORA” b. Chicora was taken to Spain where he met the KING c. He told the king of “giants” and people with “long tails” d. His stories convinced the king to send more expeditions to SC

III. The Spanish Come to SC B.Lucas Vasquez De Ayllon: 1.Arrived in SC with 600 settlers, missionaries, AFRICAN SLAVES 2.Established SAN MIGUEL DE GUALDAPE a Savannah? Port Royal? Winyah Bay? b. 1 st Settlement EVER in North America!! c. Settlement abandoned before 1 st year d. Ayllon died, slaves revolted, ran out of supplies, natives didn’t help

III. The Spanish Come to SC C. Hernando De Soto 1. 1 st European to explore SOUTHEASTERN US 2. Explored inland of SC a. Saw indian village of COFITACIQUI near Columbia SC b. Kidnapped queen and stole things c. His group made it to Mississippi River

IV. The French Arrive in SC A.French wanted a colony in SC 1. They were rivals of the Spanish 2. FRENCH HUGUENOTS needed a REFUGE a. Huguenots- French Protestants b. Persecuted by French Catholics c. King ALLOWED them to colonize America

IV. The French Arrive in SC B.Jean Ribault 1.Led settlement of FRENCH HUGUENOTS to SC ARRIVED AT PORT ROYAL SC 3.Built a settlement called CHARLESFORT 4.Supplies ran low- RIBAULT RETURNED TO FRANCE to get more 5.THE PEOPLE HE LEFT BEHIND: a.Starvation/mutiny b.Survivors built a boat and tried to get back to FRANCE c.Resorted to canibablism d.RESUCUED BY ENGLISH SHIP

IV. The French Arrive in SC C.Ribault returns from France 1.When returned to America, he was found and killed by SPANISH in Florida 2.French left SC.

The Return of the Spanish A.Santa Elena 1. After Driving out the French, Spanish built settlement of SANTA ELENA on ruins of French Charlesfort 2. This settlement was led by PEDRO MENENDEZ 3. Lasted from a. 300 men, women, kids b. 40 houses c. Church d. Tavern (bar)

The Return of the Spanish 4. Santa Elena Struggled a. They raided Indian villages for food b. Indians attacked settlement repeatedly c. Abandoned after English Privateers began attacking LA FLORIDA d. This opened the door for English Settlement in America