American Nationalism

Introduction The United States entered an “Era of Good Feelings” after the War of The federal government began building the national road, defended its authority to regulate interstate commerce, and declared the Western Hemisphere off limits for future colonization. One political party, easier to pass laws and more unity Also felt a growing respect from European nations, b/c the US had not lost the War of 1812

Uniting the Country During the last two years of James Madison’s second term American leaders launched an ambitious program to create a unified nation Second National Bank Tariffs protected manufacturers from foreign competition Turnpikes, Canals and Roads Federalists Party was in disarray Federalist declined b/c they disapproved of the Hartford Convention and many joined the Republicans Republicans now believed a strong gov. was necessary Monroe won the presidency of 1816 with 183 electoral votes

The Second Bank Republicans blocked the renewal of the first national bank in 1811 Effects Debt rapidly during war of 1812 Gov. borrowed money from state and private banks Now had to pay interest on loans Many Republicans began supporting a national bank Rep. Calhoun of SC proposed the Second National Bank of the US Henry Clay and Daniel Webster of MA supported The bank bill passed in 1816 – bank could issue currency and tax state banks

Tariffs and Transportation Support of manufacturers was another part of the Republican program US trade declined as a result of the embargo Manufacturers now had a market overseas British goods were cheaper than American Goods To keep Americans in business Congress issued a Protective Tariff New England shippers and southern farmers opposed the tariff (Why?) Transportation Improvements Calhoun's sponsored federal improvement plan Monroe vetoed the plan Roads and Canals were still built with private and state funds (toll roads)

Judicial Nationalism Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court issued decisions that helped strengthen the national government Marshalls only formal training was six weeks at William and Mary Between 1816 and 1824 the Supreme Court established dominance of the court over the states

Martin vs. Hunter’s Lessee The Case Denny Martin (British Citizen) tried to sell land in Virginia inherited from his uncle, who was a British loyalist during the Rev. War. Virginia had a law that said “No enemy” could inherit land (Court Jurisdiction) Supreme Court decided it had the authority to hear appeals from all state court decisions (set a precedent) The appealed case had to involve land or treaties Court Ruling The court ruling was based on Jay’s Treaty, which stated that land belonging to loyalists before the war was still loyalist land.

McCulloch v. Maryland Background Maryland passed a law refuting the Second Bank of the US The Cashier at Second Bank Branch in MD, James McCulloch, refused to pay the tax, and the matter went to the Supreme Court. Court Ruling According to the “necessary and proper” clause the court had the implied power to establish a nation bank States _________________________________________with the federal government bank, “supreme in its own sphere of action” Justice Marshall noted the constitution included the “necessary anf proper clause” related to tax collections, taking loans, regulating commerce, and raising and army. As a result it was necessary to have a national bank. Maryland could not tax the federal bank McCulloch Won

Gibbons vs. Ogden Background Aaron Ogden had an exclusive license to all steamboat traffic in New York (est. by NY State leg.) Gibbons started a steamboat company on NY Waters and the Hudson NY state court found in favor of Ogden Gibbons appealed to the US Supreme Court Court Ruling Declared a monopoly and ruled in favor of Gibbons Constitution gave the fed. Gov. control over interstate commerce (all trade along coast and waterways) Marshalls opinion explained that federal law would always take precedent over state law.

Jackson Invades Florida In early 1800s Spanish Held Florida frustrated many Southerners Runaway Slaves fled there and the US had no authority to intervene there The Creek Indians, united with escaped slaves and other Native Americans and took the name Seminole “Runaway” Turmoil– Seminoles raided Georgia and Georgians raided Florida

Jackson Invades Florida Cont… Calhoun, Sec. of War, ordered General Andrew Jackson to travel to Florida with troops and stop the Florida raids Jackson raided several Seminole villages Disobeyed orders and seized St. Marks and Pensacola Removed Spanish Governor from power Spanish were furious but couldn’t stop Americans Sec. of States, John Quincy Adams, signed the Adams-Onis Treaty, which ceded all of Florida to the United States. Increased US territory Absolved Spain of 5 million dollars owed to America

Monroe Doctrine Rebellion occurred in Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Santo Domingo QuadrupleAlliance sought to help Spanish control colonies and suppress revolutions against monarchies Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, an Russia, later joined by France The US and Great Britain made a great deal of money due to trade with Caribbean Spanish Colonies Did not want Spain to reassert control Britain suggested the US issue a joint statement telling Spain, hands off the colonies in the Caribbean Russia also worried the US Claimed Alaska and in 1821 claimed Oregon Territory b/t Alaska and the Oregon Territory

Monroe Doctrine Cont… Sec. Adams urged Monroe to not work with the British Did not want the US to be considered a junior partner Monroe issued a statement without British approval in 1821 Stated that the Europeans were no longer able to colonize in the Americas This statement was later named the Monroe Doctrine This began the long history of the US trying to inhibit European involvement in the Americas

Exit Ticket (1 point for all correct) (Write on separate piece of paper and turn in) 1) What did the US gain from the Adams-Onis Treaty? 2) Why did the US issue the Monroe Doctrine? 3) How did the court gain power during the Era of Good Feelings?

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