I. Waves & Particles (p. 97-100) Ch. 4 - Electrons in Atoms.

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I. Waves & Particles (p ) Ch. 4 - Electrons in Atoms

A. Waves zWavelength ( ) - length of one complete wave zFrequency ( ) - # of waves that pass a point during a certain time period yhertz (Hz) = 1/s zAmplitude (A) - distance from the origin to the trough or crest

A. Waves A greater amplitude (intensity) greater frequency (color) crest origin trough A

B. EM Spectrum LOWENERGYLOWENERGY HIGHENERGYHIGHENERGY

LOWENERGYLOWENERGY HIGHENERGYHIGHENERGY ROYG.BIV redorangeyellowgreenblueindigoviolet

B. EM Spectrum zFrequency & wavelength are inversely proportional c = c:speed of light (3.00  10 8 m/s) :wavelength (m, nm, etc.) :frequency (Hz)

B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: = ? = 434 nm = 4.34  m c = 3.00  10 8 m/s WORK : = c = 3.00  10 8 m/s 4.34  m = 6.91  Hz zEX: Find the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 434 nm.

C. Quantum Theory zPlanck (1900) yObserved - emission of light from hot objects yConcluded - energy is emitted in small, specific amounts (quanta) yQuantum - minimum amount of energy change

C. Quantum Theory zPlanck (1900) vs. Classical TheoryQuantum Theory

C. Quantum Theory zEinstein (1905) yObserved - photoelectric effect

C. Quantum Theory zEinstein (1905) yConcluded - light has properties of both waves and particles “wave-particle duality” yPhoton - particle of light that carries a quantum of energy

C. Quantum Theory E:energy (J, joules) h:Planck’s constant (  J·s) :frequency (Hz) E = h zThe energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency.

C. Quantum Theory GIVEN: E = ? = 4.57  Hz h =  J·s WORK : E = h E = (  J·s ) ( 4.57  Hz ) E = 3.03  J zEX: Find the energy of a red photon with a frequency of 4.57  Hz.