Agenda  Introduction  Linguistic versions: Technical opportunities  Portability: Technical constraints Introduction Portability Linguistic versions

Introduction  Pragmatic approach:  Examining the technical context (what can be done?) before the legal context (how to adapt the contracts?)  Context of the debate:  Many European films are not limited by territorial restrictions  Anything is possible…  …as long as it is agreed upon among the parties affected by these restrictions.  Contract terms don’t cover every situation. Portability Linguistic versions

Linguistic versions: Technical opportunities (1/3)  iTunes enables exploitation of multilingual packages comprised of: One video file with original audio Alternate audio languages Alternate subtitles  Constraint: all languages included in the package will be available everywhere.  Google, Sony and Amazon platforms don’t offer multilingual versions. Introduction Portability Linguistic versions

 As for DVD, rights holders can agree to:  Especially concerning library titles, there is no reason to maintain such restrictions. Linguistic versions: Technical opportunities (2/3) Introduction Allow other rights holders to exploit the same linguistic version in their countries (even if it is not specified in the contract), Mutualize the creation of a multilingual package, Limit the risks of cross border circulation by releasing a linguistic version simultaneously in all countries. Portability Linguistic versions

Linguistic versions: Technical opportunities (3/3) Advantages Cost sharing between rights holders Reduction of costs (several languages with only one delivery) Access to other linguistic communities No cross border circulation (geo- blocking) Risks DRM hackers? Screenshots of the film can be shared Introduction Portability Linguistic versions Why do some rights holders make this kind of agreement?

Portability: Technical constraints Linking a user to a country Portability (EST) StreamingDownload Streaming Your bank account doesn’t travel with you!  Geo-blocking applies even to users that bought the film. User account Device Bank account IP address Introduction Portability Linguistic versions