The Hydrosphere All water on Earth

Hydrosphere Stations Stn 1- A Drop in the Bucket Breaking down the percentages of fresh and salt water Determine amount usable to humans Stn 2- Water Cycle Labeling Identify major reservoirs (storage sites) for water Identify phase changes with each process Identify locations for each process taking place

Where is most of the earth’s water?

Can we drink this water? NO It is saline (salt) water 3.5% salt on average 97% of Earth’s water is salt water.

So where is the Freshwater? Ice Caps and Glaciers- not accessible to us Most of Earth’s freshwater is ice.

So where is the freshwater? Surface Water – lakes, ponds, river systems

So where is the freshwater? Aquifer- a rock formation that can store and allow for the movement of groundwater. Groundwater- water stored underground in aquifers

The Water Cycle Continuous movement of water through Earth’s systems (atmosphere, geosphere, biosphere) Driven by SOLAR RADIATION and GRAVITY

Water Cycle Processes (TRIPSEC) T ranspiration- plants release water vapor R unoff- water moving downhill across land I nfiltration- water seeping into the ground P recipitation- water falling from sky S ublimation- solid  gas E vaporation- liquid  gas C ondensation- gas  liquid

Hydrosphere Stations Stn 1- A Drop in the Bucket Breaking down the percentages of fresh and salt water Determine amount usable to humans Stn 2- Water Cycle Labeling Identify major reservoirs (storage sites) for water Identify phase changes with each process Identify locations for each process taking place

Freshwater Watershed: the area of land that is drained by a river Therefore…pollution anywhere in a watershed may end up polluting a river

Groundwater Groundwater: water that is stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formations Water table: level beneath the Earth’s surface where the rocks and soil are saturated with water – Close to the surface – wet areas – Hundreds of meters below surface - deserts

Freshwater Aquifer- a rock formation that can store and allow for the movement of groundwater. Groundwater- water stored underground in aquifers

Porosity and Permeability Porosity: the amount of space between the particles that make up a rock Permeability: the ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it

Groundwater Wells Well: a hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater.

Recharge Zone Surface water recharges an aquifer Recharge zone: the area of the Earth’s surface where water percolates down into the aquifer (Infiltration)

October 2nd, 2015 Hand in Unit 1B homework questions Reminder! Unit 1 Test on Thursday, October 8 th, 2015 Homework: Read Chapter 11, Section 1 (Water Resources) Today: – Oceans – Work on study guide for test

Oceans

Ocean Water Contains salt – from rocks and underwater volcanic eruptions Salinity – concentration of all the dissolved salts. Average 3.5%

Temperature Zones Surface Zone – warmest, contains currents Thermocline – temperature drops rapidly with depth Deep Zone – average temp is 2 degrees Celsius

What are the oceans good for? The ocean absorbs more than half of the energy from the sun Ocean currents distribute heat energy across the Earth, acting like a thermostat Phytoplankton provide 70% of Earth’s oxygen

Ocean Currents can distribute heat and regulate climate