The Duel for North America Ch. 6
France in Canada The Edict of Nantes 1598 Issued by the crown of France. It granted limited religious freedom to French Protestants, and stopped religious wars between the Protestants and Catholics. King Henry IV
Champlain & Quebec 1608 – France establishes Quebec The leading figure was Samuel de Champlain, an intrepid soldier and explorer whose energy and leadership earned him the title “Father of New France”.
New France The government of New France (Canada) was under direct control of the king. The people did not elect any representative assemblies New France contained one valuable resource - beaver. French Catholic missionaries, notably the Jesuits, labored with much enthusiasm to convert the Indians to Christianity and to save them from the fur trappers
Detroit Antoine Cadillac- founded Detroit in 1701 to thwart English settlers pushing into the Ohio Valley.
La Salle Robert de La Salle- explored the Mississippi and Gulf basin, naming it Louisiana the French planted several fortified posts in Mississippi and Louisiana. The French founded New Orleans in 1718.
The Clash of Empires King William’s War ( ) and Queen Anne’s War ( ) Earliest battles for control of North America The wars ended in 1713 with peace terms signed at Utrecht. France and Spain were terribly beaten and Britain received French-populated Acadia and Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay. The British also won limited trading rights in Spanish America.
The War of Jenkins’s Ear The War of Jenkins’s Ear started in 1739 between the British and Spaniards. This small battle became a war and became known as King Georges’s War in America. It ended in 1748 with a treaty that handed Louisburg back to France, enraging the victorious New Englanders.
George Washington and War with France 1749 wealthy Virginians secured “shaky” legal rights to 500,000 acres in the disputed Ohio Valley French were in the process of erecting a fort on the Ohio River – Fort Duquesne 1754 Virginia’s governor sent George Washington in command of 150 militia
Washington and the Virginians Fort Duquesne falls; Washington builds Fort Necessity The Virginians were forced to surrender on July 4, As the war started the British deport French Acadians out of Nova Scotia
Seven Years War (aka French and Indian War) Fought in North America for 2 years before spreading to Europe Seven Years War fought in America, Europe, Philippines, Africa, West Indies and on the high seas Britain and Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia
Albany Plan of Union Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin
War in the Colonies Previous wars no colonial unity 1754 Albany, New York – 7 of the 13 attend meeting Two objectives – one keep the Iroquois loyal to Britain and two to promote colonial unity
British Win! 1763 Treaty of Paris France is out of North America Trans-Mississippi goes to France’s ally Spain (including New Orleans) Spain gave Florida to Great Britain in exchange for Cuba Great Britain becomes dominate naval power in the world
Effects of the War on America American’s gained military experience; American militia saw the British regulars invincibility shattered Colonies become more unified
Causes for Disunity Geographical barriers Boundary disputes Conflicting religions Varied nationalities Different types of government Resentment of crude backcountry settlers against aristocratic bigwigs
Effects of the War Removal of France from North America which deprived the Natives of their most powerful weapon – the ability to play rival European powers against each other 1763 Ottawa chief Pontiac led several tribes against settlements in the Ohio Valley led to Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Americans move west and defy the Proclamation