Chapter 3 America: A Narrative History 7 th edition Norton Media Library by George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi

I.The colonial environment A. Colonization as migration B. Demography of the English settlers 1. General features 2. Four mass movements C. English regional remnants in America D. Changes in natural environment 1. By Indians 2. By European settlers a. Profit motive b. Domesticated animals 3. Effects of alterations

I. The colonial environment (cont’d) E. Population growth 1. Earlier marriages 2. Lower death rate 3. Effects on children F. Family relations 1. Sex ratios 2. Farm life G. Role of Women 1. Presumed inferiority 2. Work in domestic sphere 3. Improved status

II. Sectional differences among the colonies A. Southern colonies 1. Advantages of the climate 2. Chief crops 3. Effects of “invisible” charges 4. Development, nature, and spread of the headright system 5. Emergence of large-crop production 6. Some labor problems solved with indentured servants

II. Sectional differences among the colonies (cont’d) A. Southern colonies (cont’d) 7. Slavery in the colonies a. Origins of slavery b. Numbers of slaves c. Ethnic diversity d. African origins e. African-American culture i. Religion, music, folklore ii. Families iii. Labor iv. Influence of color 8. Life among the gentry 9. Nature of religion in the southern colonies

II. Sectional differences among the colonies (cont’d) B. New England colonies 1. Township land policy a. No headright or quitrents b. System of land division 2. Housing and family life 3. Nature of farming 4. Trade and commerce a. Balance of trade problem b. Shipping c. Triangular trade d. Currency shortage

II. Sectional differences among the colonies (cont’d) B. New England colonies (cont’d) 5. Puritan religion a. Puritan reactions to worldly pleasures b. Form of organization in the churches c. Church-and-state relationship d. Growth of internal resentment 6. Community strains a. Over land and wealth b. Exception of seaports c. Religious differences d. Witchcraft hysteria

II. Sectional differences among the colonies (cont’d) C. The middle colonies 1. Narrative of the explorations 2. Reflect elements of both New England and southern colonies 3. Land system used 4. Ethnic elements represented in population D. Backcountry Piedmont as virtually a fourth major region

III. Colonial urban areas A. Five major ports B. Class structure 1. Merchants 2. Middle class 3. Unskilled workers C. Urban problems D. Politics and government E. Transportation and communication 1. Social role of taverns 2. Newspapers 3. Postal service

IV. Intellectual and religious change A. The Enlightenment 1. Scientific revolution in Europe a. Sir Isaac Newton b. Natural laws and religion c. John Locke 2. In America a. Early interest in science b. Benjamin Franklin c. Concern for education

IV. Intellectual and religious change (cont’d) B. The Great Awakening 1. Causes 2. Leaders of movement a. Jonathan Edwards b. William and Gilbert Tennant c. George Whitefield 3. Splits in many churches C. Impact of Enlightenment and Great Awakening