Subject Matter： Description, Quality, Quantity and Packing Chapter 2 Quality Chapter 3 Quantity Chapter 4 Packing Requirement

Chapter 4 Packing Requirement  Aims and Requirements  4.1 Types of Packing  4.2 Marking  4.3 Packing Clause  Case Study

Aims and Requirements Aims: Key Points: Teaching Methods: To grasp the requirement of Packing; To learn how to make shipping mark and write packing clause. Key Points: Shipping Mark, Neutral Packing, Packing Clause Teaching Methods: Discussion, ISAS, Case Study, English Teaching

4.1 Types of Packing  4.1.1 Types of Packing  4.1.2 Product Code

4.1.1 Types of Packing In bulk or nude cargo Shipping/ Transport/ Outer Packing case, box, carton, bale, bag, barrel/ drum, buddle, pallet, container etc. Selling/ Small/ Inner Packing

4.1.2 Product Code UPC -- Universal Product Code compiled by Universal Code Council of America and Canada EAN -- European Article Number compiled by International Article Number Association (IANA)

4.2 Marking  4.2.1 Shipping Mark  4.2.2 Indicative Mark  4.2.3 Warning Mark  4.2.4 Side Mark

4.2.1 Shipping Mark As per ISO standard, shipping mark include four types of information: ABBGO The initial letter or abbreviation of a consignee or buyer; The reference number (the number of Contract, order, invoice, B/L, L/C, etc.); LONDON SC8790 NO.5-100 The port or place of destination; The package number;

4.2.2 Indicative Mark To facilitate handling or to overcome differing language problems

4.2.3 Warning Mark To warn dockers and crew against dangerous cargoes such as explosive, corrosive, inflammable and radioactive products:

4.2.4 Side Mark Include weight or volume marks, marks of origin etc. SAFETY BOOTS ART NO. JL90DS QTY: 12PRS G.W.: 45KGS N.W.: 38.7KGS MST: 50×35×78M3 MADE IN CHINA

4.3 Packing Clause  4.3.1 Packing Clause  4.3.2 Neutral Packing  4.3.3 Manufacturing Brand- name Goods

4.3.1 Packing Clause Commonly used sentence: “ in… of … each, … to…” （用某物包装，每件装多少，若干件装于一大件中） e.g. In wooden cases of 50 kilos net each. 10 pieces to a box, 20 boxes to an export carton. In export cartons of 45 sets each, 420 cartons transported to one 40ft container.

4.3.2 Neutral Packing -- Makes no mention at all of the name of the country producing the goods and the name of the manufacturer on the commodity, the outer and inner packages. -- Exporters utilize it for breaking down the high customs duties or unreasonable import quota of the importers. e.g. …, inside and outside packing without showing the wording “made in China”

4.3.3 Manufacturing Brand- name Goods -- Export commodities use the trade marks designated by the clients or the Chinese trade marks of these commodities bear the name of the buyer’s firm or related signs. -- Exporters produce appointed trademark products to increase sales and prices. e.g. …, buyer’s labels must reach the seller one month before the time of shipment.

Case Study 1 C.K.D: complete knock down S.K.D: semi knock down 某公司出口自行车 800 辆。合同规定用木箱包装，信用证亦规定： PACKED IN W OODEN CASE C.K.D.。我公司对C.K.D.三个字母的含义并不清楚，亦未引起注意，仍按平时习惯将自行车半拆卸后装入木箱，并在发票及其他有关单证上照样打上 C.K.D.。结果货到目的港被海关罚款，买方因此向我方索赔。为什么？ C.K.D: complete knock down S.K.D: semi knock down

Case Study 2 香港某公司从法国某化工公司进口一批液体化工原料，到货时小部分货物因包装不善有轻微渗漏。香港公司发现后未采取任何措施，结果渗漏日益加重，最后导致火灾。事后香港公司以火灾是由包装不善引起为由，向法国公司索取全部损失的赔偿，但遭法国公司拒绝。为什么？