VertebratesVertebrates

Chordates: Characteristics of chordates Notochord: a long rod of stiffened tissue Nerve cord that lies above the notochord and gut Muscular pharynx Tail exists near the anus

Anatomy of a Tunicate

Invertebrate Chordates Cephalochordates (Lancelets) 1.Circulation is closed 2.Respiration is directly across the body wall 3.Notochord 4.Filter feeder

Anatomy of a Lancelet

Section 30-1 Nonvertebrate chordates Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Invertebrate ancestor Chordate Cladogram

Section 33-1 Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Figure 33–2 A Cladogram of Chordates

Section 30-1 Muscle segments Tail Anus Pharyngeal pouches Mouth Hollow nerve cord Notochord

Fish: First Vertebrates Agnathans: jawless fish (lampreys and hagfishes) Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous fishes Examples: sharks, skates Osteichthyes: bony fishes

Amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders) Endoskeletons with four legs External fertilization Respiration by the use of gills, lungs, skin, and pharyngeal lining

Chapter 30: Video Frog Anatomy

Section 30-3 Adult Frog Young Frog Fertilized Eggs Tadpoles Adults are typically ready to breed in about one to two years. Frog eggs are laid in water and undergo external fertilization. Frog eggs are laid in water and undergo external fertilization. The eggs hatch into tadpoles a few days to several weeks later. Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, and become meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults. Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, and become meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults. Figure 30–26 The Life Cycle of a Frog

Video Click the image to play the video segment. Video Frog Anatomy

Reptiles: Crocodiles, Turtles, Lizards Scaly skin Internal fertilization Kidneys to conserve water Amniote eggs Four-chambered heart (close circulation) Lungs

Mammals Brain capacity is increased Milk secreting glands Hair Dental is extensive

Chapter 34: Human Body Systems

Nervous SystemIntegumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory System Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part I

Respiratory SystemDigestive SystemExcretory System Endocrine System Reproductive SystemLymphatic/Immune Systems Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part 2

Skull Sternum Ribs Vertebral column Metatarsals Metacarpals Phalanges Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Pelvis Ulna Carpals Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Phalanges The Skeletal System Section 36-1 Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

Section 37-3 Figure The Respiratory System

Video 2 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 2 Human Respiration

Section 37-1 Figure 37-2 The Circulatory System Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung

Section 33-3 Double-Loop Circulatory SystemSingle-Loop Circulatory System FISHESMOST REPTILESCROCODILIANS, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS Figure 33–11The Circulatory Systems of Vertebrates

Video 1 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 1 Human Circulation