A meal fit for a King The science behind what we eat Nutrition

In order for you to live, your cells (the building blocks of live) need to eat and breathe. In order for you to live, your cells (the building blocks of live) need to eat and breathe. Nutrition is the process in which the cell receives all that it needs to survive (O 2, nutrients) and gets rid of all its waste. Nutrition is the process in which the cell receives all that it needs to survive (O 2, nutrients) and gets rid of all its waste.

NUTRITION Digestive System Respiratory System Circulatory System Excretory System

Nutrition groups together different systems in our body: Nutrition groups together different systems in our body: Digestive system: Digestive system: breaks down the food we eat into essential nutrients, breaks down the food we eat into essential nutrients, Respiratory system: Respiratory system: provides O 2 to the lungs provides O 2 to the lungs Circulatory and lymphatic system: Circulatory and lymphatic system: highways that transport nutrients and waste to their destination highways that transport nutrients and waste to their destination Excretory system. Excretory system.

What can our body use? What do you do, if you only have a ten dollar bill, and want a juice that cost 0.25$? The same must occur with our food. Our body can only take “0.25$”.

In order for your body to use the food (10 dollar bill) it must be broken down into small particles called nutrients (“0.25$”), which can be absorbed in the blood stream. In order for your body to use the food (10 dollar bill) it must be broken down into small particles called nutrients (“0.25$”), which can be absorbed in the blood stream. The process of breaking down and absorbing food is called digestion. The process of breaking down and absorbing food is called digestion.

What are the functions of food? What are the functions of food? Food – 3 functions Food – 3 functions 1. gives energy 2. builds and repairs tissues 3. regulates metabolism Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions that occur in your body Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions that occur in your body

What are the different types of nutrients? 1. Proteins 2.Carbohydrates 3.Lipids 4. Water 5. Fiber: 1. Fiber is considered a type of carbohydrate 2. It attracts water to your stool but it is not completely digested 3. It prevents constipation (does not supply energy) 6.Minerals 7. Vitamins

2. Carbohydrates Functions: Functions: - Short term energy supply Carbohydrates (Carbs) are composed of glucose Carbohydrates (Carbs) are composed of glucose They can be found in They can be found in a) foods that contain starch: (potatoes, rice, bread, meats, poultry, fish, nuts, eggs and tofu) b) foods that contains sugars: (yams, fruit, honey, vegetables)

3. Lipids Functions: Functions: - Long term energy supply Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids They can be found in They can be found in Butter, animal and vegetable oil, certain meats, nuts and cheese

4. Water Water is a pure substance Water is a pure substance 60% of the body is made of water 60% of the body is made of water Functions: Functions: - Regulates the metabolism - Contributes to chemical reactions within the body - As blood is made mostly of water, it contributes to the transportation of different elements They can be found in They can be found in Liquids, fruits and vegetables

5. Fiber Functions: Functions: - Prevents constipation They are made of cellulose and other non-starch polysaccharides They are made of cellulose and other non-starch polysaccharides They can be found in They can be found in The skin of fruits and vegetables

6. Minerals Functions: Functions: - Regulates the metabolism - Enter in the repair and growth of bones, cartilage, teeth and nerves Minerals are made of simple chemical elements. Minerals are made of simple chemical elements. They can be found in They can be found in Fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk, meats and fish

7.Vitamins There are 13 types of vitamins There are 13 types of vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, K and so on) (A, B, C, D, E, K and so on) Functions: Functions: - Regulates metabolism e.g. Vitamin A allows to see in the dark. e.g. Vitamin A allows to see in the dark. Vitamin C allows for healthy teeth and gums. Vitamin C allows for healthy teeth and gums. They can be found in They can be found in Fruits, vegetables, meats and their substitutes, milk, nuts, eggs, grains.

Energy in food Food gives us energy. Food gives us energy. But how much energy do we need? But how much energy do we need? But how much energy can food give us? But how much energy can food give us? Energy is measured in kJ. Energy is measured in kJ. Energy of the food comes from the destruction of the bonds between the molecules. Energy of the food comes from the destruction of the bonds between the molecules.

What about energy? On average an adolescent, needs kJ/day to keep up daily activities. However, this value depends on each individual, their basic metabolism and their physical activities. On average an adolescent, needs kJ/day to keep up daily activities. However, this value depends on each individual, their basic metabolism and their physical activities. Basal metabolism: Basal metabolism: How much energy your body needs to maintain the vital functions (breathing, heart beating, cellular activity) How much energy your body needs to maintain the vital functions (breathing, heart beating, cellular activity) On average a man requires 7000 kJ to maintain vital functions, and kJ for a woman On average a man requires 7000 kJ to maintain vital functions, and kJ for a woman

Daily amount of Nutrients Proteins: 15% of your kJ intake Proteins: 15% of your kJ intake Carbohydrates:55% of you kJ intake Carbohydrates:55% of you kJ intake Lipids:30% of your kJ intake Lipids:30% of your kJ intake For a healthy diet of someone who weighs approximately 65kg this corresponds to the following kJ values… For a healthy diet of someone who weighs approximately 65kg this corresponds to the following kJ values…

Energy of Nutrients NutrientsNeedEnergykJ Carbohydrates 340 g 1g = kJ kJ Proteins2g/kg 1g = kJ kJ Lipids85g 1g = kJ kJ Total kJ 37 kJ 17kJ 17kJ

C is for Cookie? Or Calculation?

C is for Cookie… Cookies: Protein 2.1 g Fat 7.7 g Carbs 24 g 2.1 g x 17 = 35.7 kJ 7.7g x 37= kJ 24 g x 17= 408 kJ Total:= kJ Function: These cookies are therefore an energy producer but are also very high in fat